Ahsan, N., Chaudhry, M. N., 2008. Geology of Hettangian to middle Eocene rocks of Hazara and
Kashmir basins, Northwest lesser Himalayas, Pakistan. Geological Bulletin, University of the
Punjab, 43: 131-152.##
Anderson, E. M., 1951. The Dynamics of Faulting and Dyke Formation with Applications to Brittan,
Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd. New York City: Hafner Publishing Company.##
Afrouz, A., 1992. Practical handbook of rock mass classification systems and modes of ground failure.
CRC Press.##
Baig, M. S., Lawrence, R. D., 1987. Precambrian to early cambrian orogenesis in the Himalaya.
Kashmir. J. Geol, 5: 1-22.##
Chatterjee, S., Goswami, A., Scotese, C. R., 2013. The longest voyage: tectonic, magmatic, and
paleoclimatic evolution of the Indian plate during its northward flight from Gondwana to
Asia. Gondwana Research, 23 (1): 238-267.##
Chaudhry, M. N., Spencer, D. A., Ghazanfar, M., Hussain, S. S., Dawood, H., 1997. The location of the
main central thrust in the Northwest Himalaya of Pakistan: tectonic implications. Geological
Bulletin, University of the Punjab, 1-19 p.##
DeCelles, P. G., Gehrels, G. E., Quade, J., Ojha, T. P., 1998. Eocene‐early Miocene foreland basin
development and the history of Himalayan thrusting, western and central Nepal. Tectonics, 17(5):
741-765.##
Ghazanfar, M., 1993. Petrotectonic Elements and Tectonic Framework of Northwest
Himalaya (Doctoral dissertation, University of the Punjab).##
Ghazanfar, M., Chaudhry, M. N., Pervaiz, K., Qayyum, M., Ahmed, R., 1990. Geology and Structure
of Kuza Gali-Dunga Gali-Ayubia Area, Hazara-Potwar Basin with a Reference to Hydrocarbon
Prospects of Attock-Hazara Fold and Thrust Belt. Pakistan Journal of Hydrocarbon Research, 2 (2):
43-55.##
Ghazanfar, M., Chaudhry, M. N., Spencer, D. A., Hussain, S. S., Dawood, H., 1999. The nature and
problems of the Tethyan Himalaya in Pakistan and western Kashmir. Geological Bulletin, University
of the Punjab, 33-34 p.##
Jadoon, W. A., Shami, B. A., Abbasi, I. A., 2003. Fracture analysis of Khaur anticline and its
implications on subsurface fracture system. In PAPG-SPE Annual Technical Conference and Oil
Show, 3-5 p.##
Kadri, I., 1995. Petroleum Geology of Pakistan: Pakistan Petroleum Limited Karachi.##
Lillie, R. J., Johnson, G. D., Yousuf, M., Zamin, A. S. H., Yeats, R. S., 1987. Structural development
within the Himalayan foreland fold-and-thrust belt of Pakistan.##
Logan, D. L., 2017. A first course in the finite element method. Nelson Education.##
Pascal, C., Gabrielsen, R. H., 2001. Numerical modeling of Cenozoic stress patterns in the mid‐
Norwegian margin and the northern North Sea. Tectonics, 20 (4): 585-599.##
Parkash, B., Sharma, R. P., Roy, A. K., 1980. The Siwalik Group (molasse)-sediments shed by collision
288 Faisal Miraj et al.
of continental plates. Sedimentary Geology, 25 (1-2): 127-159.##
Reddy, J. N., 2019. Introduction to the finite element method. McGraw-Hill Education.
Schelling, D., Arita, K., 1991. Thrust tectonics, crustal shortening, and the structure of the far‐eastern
Nepal Himalaya. Tectonics, 10 (5): 851-862.##
Searle, M., Corfield, R. I., Stephenson, B. E. N., McCarron, J. O. E., 1997. Structure of the North Indian
continental margin in the Ladakh-Zanskar Himalayas: implications for the timing of obduction of
the Spontang ophiolite, India-Asia collision and deformation events in the Himalaya. Geological
Magazine, 134 (3): 297-316.##
Yeats, R.S. and Lawrence, R.D., 1984. Tectonics of the Himalayan thrust belt in northern Pakistan. In;
B.U. Haq, J.D. Milliman (Eds.), Marine Geology and Oceanography of Arabian Sea and Coastal
Pakistan, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, N.Y (1984), pp. 177-198.##
Zheng, Y., & Wu, F., 2018. The timing of continental collision between India and Asia. Science
Bulletin, 63 (24): 1649-1654.##