The role of heterogeneity controls in shaping the Asmari Formation reservoirs in the Zagros region, Iran: insights for regional characterization

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), P.O. Box 45195-1159, Zanjan, Iran

2 School of Earth Sciences, Damghan University, 36716-41167 Damghan, Iran

Abstract

Various depositional and post-depositional factors interact to shape a reservoir, typically causing heterogenies in reservoir properties on different scales. This study investigates depositional and diagenetic factors controlling reservoir properties of the Asmari Formation as the most prolific reservoir rock in Iran. Data from six surface and 12 subsurface sections show that both primary and secondary factors governed reservoir quality. Lithology is the principal primary control, with major differences between siliciclastics and carbonates. Other primary controls include rock texture, facies, and depositional setting. Dolomitization, dissolution, and cementation are the main diagenetic factors that modify the original rock fabric. Dolomitization improved reservoir quality. Early diagenetic dissolution also enhanced porosity. However, the created spaces are separated vuggy and moldic pores with no effect on permeability. Cementation and compaction are major porosity-occluding processes. Anhydrite cementation degraded reservoir quality of oolites, one of the best productive facies of Asmari. Results show that tectonics, paleo-climate, and sea-level changes were allogenic controls on reservoir configuration. Lithology variations, as a principal control on reservoir quality, resulted from tectonic movements alongside sea-level oscillations. The diagenetic path—specifically dolomitization, dissolution, and cementation—was controlled by paleo-climate and sea-level changes. Hypersaline conditions prevailed during and after deposition, with major impacts on the reservoir quality (pervasive dolomitization and dissolution), were the consequence of combined paleo-climate and sea-level effects. Regional syn- and post-depositional tectonics created widespread fractured reservoirs with higher production rates than unfractured counterparts. The results of this study can assist in regional characterization of the Asmari reservoir throughout the Zagros area.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [Persian]

_

References

Abyat, Y., Abyat, A., Abyat, A., 2019. Microfacies and depositional environment of Asmari formation in the Zeloi oil field, Zagros basin, south-west Iran. Carbonates and Evaporites, 34: 1583-1593.
Adams, C.G., Bourgeois, E., 1967. Asmari biostratigraphy. Iranian Oil Operation Companies, Geological and Exploration Division, 1074: 1-74.
Adams, T.D., 1969. The Asmari Formation of Lurestan and Khuzestan Provinces. IOOC Report, 34.
Aghli, G., Moussavi-Harami, R., Mohammadian, R., 2020. Reservoir heterogeneity and fracture parameter determination using electrical image logs and petrophysical data (a case study, carbonate Asmari Formation, Zagros Basin, SW Iran). Petroleum Science, 17: 51-69.
Aghli, G., Soleimani, B., Tabatabai, S.S., Zahmatkesh, I., 2017. Calculation of fracture parameters and their effect on porosity and permeability using image logs and petrophysical data in carbonate Asmari reservoir, SW Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 10.
Al-Aasm, I.S., Ghazban, F., Ranjbaran, M., 2009. Dolomitization and related fluid evolution in the Oligocene-Miocene Asmari Formation, Gachsaran area, SW Iran: Petrographic and isotopic evidence. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 32: 287-304.
Al-Saad, H., Sadooni, F.N., 2001. A new depositional model and sequence stratigraphic interpretation for the upper Jurassic Arab "D" reservoir in Qatar. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 24: 243-264.
Alavi, M., 2004. Regional stratigraphy of the Zagros fold-thrust belt of Iran and its proforeland evolution. American Journal of Science, 304: 1-20.
Alavi, M., 2007. Structures of the Zagros fold-thrust belt in Iran. American Journal of Science, 307: 1064-1095.
Allahkarampour Dill, M., Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., Seyrafian, A., Behdad, A., 2018. Oligo- Miocene carbonate platform evolution in the northern margin of the Asmari intra-shelf basin, SW Iran. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 92: 437-461.
Alsharhan, A.S., Nairn, A.E.M., 1997. Sedimentary basins and petroleum geology of the Middle East. Elsevier, Amsterdam ; New York.
Amirshahkarami, M., 2013. Revision in the paleontology and distribution of the larger benthic foraminifera in the Oligocene-Miocene deposits of the Zagros Basin, southwest Iran. Historical Biology, 25: 339-361.
Amirshahkarami, M., Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., Taheri, A., 2007. Paleoenvironmental model and sequence stratigraphy of the Asmari Formation in southwest Iran. Historical Biology, 19: 173- 410 Daraei et al. 183.
Aqrawi, A.A.M., Keramati, M., Ehrenberg, S.N., Pickard, N., Moallemi, A., Svånå, T., Darke, G., Dickson, J.A.D., Oxtoby, N.H., 2006. The origin of dolomite in the Asmari Formation (oligocene-lower miocene), dezful embayment, SW Iran. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 29: 381-402.
Bahrami, F., Moussavi-Harami, R., Khanehbad, M., Gharaie, M.H.M., Sadeghi, R., 2017. Identification of pore types and pore facies for evaluating the diagenetic performance on reservoir quality: a case study from the Asmari Formation in Ramin Oil Field, SW Iran. Geosciences Journal, 21: 565-577.
Bahroudi, A., Koyi, H.A., 2004. Tectono-sedimentary framework of the Gachsaran Formation in the Zagros foreland basin. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21: 1295-1310.
Bathurst, R.G.C., 1975. Carbonate sediments and their diagenesis, 2d enl. ed. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co., Amsterdam ; New York.
Berberian, M., King, G.C.P., 1981. Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran. Canadian journal of earth sciences, 18: 210-265.
Beydoun, Z.R., Clarke, M.W.H., Stoneley, R., 1992. Petroleum in the Zagros Basin: a late Tertiary foreland basin overprinted onto the outer edge of a vast hydrocarbon-rich Paleozoic- Mesozoic passive-margin shelf. Foreland basins and fold belts, 309-339.
Bordenave, M.L., 2014. Petroleum Systems and Distribution of the Oil and Gas Fields in the Iranian Part of the Tethyan Region, in: Marlow, L., Kendall, C.C.G., Yose, L.A. (Eds.), Petroleum Systems of the Tethyan Region. American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Bordenave, M.L., Hegre, J.A., 2010. Current distribution of oil and gas fields in the Zagros Fold Belt of Iran and contiguous offshore as the result of the petroleum systems, Geological Society Special Publication, pp. 291-353.
Buxton, M.W.N., Pedley, H.M., 1989. Short paper: a standardized model for Tethyan Tertiary carbonate ramps. Journal - Geological Society (London), 146: 746-748.
Choquette, P.W., James, N.P., 1987. Diagenesis 12. Diagenesis in limestones - 3. The deep burial environment. Geoscience Canada, 14: 3-35.
Dabbagh, A., Kendall, C.G.S.C., 2021. Deep-T-platform responses to the global sea-level fluctuations, Oligocene Asmari and Pabdeh Formations of the Zagros foredeep Kalhur sub- basin, SW Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 206: 104605.
Daraei, M., Amini, A., Ansari, M., 2014. Facies analysis and depositional environment study of the mixed carbonate–evaporite Asmari Formation (Oligo-Miocene) in the sequence stratigraphic framework, NW Zagros, Iran. Carbonates and Evaporites, 10.1007/s13146-014- 0207-4.
Daraei, M., Amini, A., Ansari, M., 2015. Facies analysis and depositional environment study of the mixed carbonate–evaporite Asmari Formation (Oligo-Miocene) in the sequence stratigraphic framework, NW Zagros, Iran. Carbonates and Evaporites, 30: 253-272.
Daraei, M., Bayet-Goll, A., Ansari, M., 2017. An integrated reservoir zonation in sequence stratigraphic framework: a case from the Dezful Embayment, Zagros, Iran. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 154: 389-404.
Dercourt, I., Gaetani, M., Vrielynck, B., Barrier, E., Biju-Duval, B., Brunet, M.-E, Cadet, J. P., Crasquin, S. & Sandulescu, M. (Eds), 2000. Atlas Peri-Tethys Palaeogeographical Maps, 24 Maps and Explanatory Note. CCGM/CGMW, Paris.
Dunham, R.J., 1962. Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 1: 108-121.
Dunnington, H.V., 1967. Aspects of diagenesis and shape change in stylolitic limestone reservoirs. 7th World Petroleum Congress, 2: 339-352.
Ehrenberg, S.N., Pickard, N.A.H., Laursen, G.V., Monibi, S., Mossadegh, Z.K., Svånå, T.A., Aqrawi, A.A.M., McArthur, J.M., Thirlwall, M.F., 2007. Strontium isotope stratigraphy of the Geopersia 2023, 13(2): 385-414 411 asmari formation (Oligocene - Lower miocene), SW Iran. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 30: 107-128.
Embry, A.F., Klovan, J.E., 1971. A late Devonian reef tract on northeastern Banks Island, Northwest Territories. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 19: 730-781.
Enayati-Bidgoli, A., Navidtalab, A., 2020. Effects of progressive dolomitization on reservoir evolution: A case from the Permian–Triassic gas reservoirs of the Persian Gulf, offshore Iran. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 119: 104480.
Esrafili-Dizaji, B., Rahimpour-Bonab, H., 2019. Carbonate Reservoir Rocks at Giant Oil and Gas Fields in SW Iran and The Adjacent Offshore: a Review of Stratigraphic Occurrence and Poro- Perm Characteristics. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 42: 343-370.
Falahatkhah, O., Kordi, M., Fatemi, V., Koochi, H.H., 2021. Recognition of Milankovitch cycles during the Oligocene–Early Miocene in the Zagros Basin, SW Iran: Implications for paleoclimate and sequence stratigraphy. Sedimentary Geology, 421: 105957.
Fallah-Bagtash, R., Adabi, M.H., Nabawy, B.S., Omidpour, A., Sadeghi, A., 2022. Integrated petrophysical and microfacies analyses for a reservoir quality assessment of the Asmari Dolostone sequence in the Khesht Field, SW Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 223: 104989.
Farzipour-saein, A., Yassaghi, A., Sherkati, S., Koyi, H., 2009. Basin evolution of the Lurestan region in the zagros fold-and-thrust belt, Iran. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 32: 5-19.
Flügel, E., 2004. Microfacies of carbonate rocks : analysis, interpretation and application. Springer, Berlin; New York.
Geel, T., 2000. Recognition of stratigraphic sequences in carbonate platform and slope deposits: Empirical models based on microfacies analysis of Palaeogene deposits in southeastern Spain. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 155: 211-238.
Gharechelou, S., Amini, A., Bohloli, B., Tavakoli, V., Ghahremani, A., Maleki, A., 2022. An integrated geomechanical model for a heterogeneous carbonate reservoir in SW Iran, using geomechanical unit concept. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 81.
Gharechelou, S., Amini, A., Kadkhodaie, A., Hosseini, Z., Honarmand, J., 2018. Rock typing and reservoir zonation based on the NMR logging and geological attributes in the mixed carbonate- siliciclastic Asmari Reservoir. Geopersia, 8: 77-98.
Gill, W., Ala, M., 1972. Sedimentology of Gachsaran Formation (lower Fars series), Southwest Iran. AAPG Bulletin, 56: 1965-1974.
Haynes, S.J., McQuillan, H., 1974. Evolution of the Zagros suture zone, Southern Iran. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 85: 739-744.
Heydari, E., 2008. Tectonics versus eustatic control on supersequences of the Zagros Mountains of Iran. Tectonophysics, 451: 56-70.
Hull, C.E., Warman, H.R., 1970. Asmari oil fields of Iran. Geology of Giant Petroleum Fields, 14: 428-437.
Hunt, D., Tucker, M.E., 1992. Stranded parasequences and the forced regressive wedge systems tract: deposition during base-level'fall. Sedimentary Geology, 81: 1-9.
Isvand, R.F., Moussavi-Harami, R., Mahboubi, A., Behdad, A., 2022. Facies analysis and carbonate platform evolution of the Oligo-Miocene deposits in the Aghajari and Rag-e-Safid oil fields, Dezful Embayment, SW Iran. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 191: 104514.
Jafari, J., Mahboubi, A., Moussavi-Harami, R., Al-Aasm, I.S., 2020. The effects of diagenesis on the petrophysical and geochemical attributes of the Asmari Formation, Marun oil field, southwest Iran. Petroleum Science, 17: 292-316.
James, G., Wynd, J., 1965. Stratigraphic nomenclature of Iranian oil consortium agreement area. AAPG Bulletin, 49: 2182-2245.
James, N.P., Choquette, P.W., 1983. Diagenesis 6. Limestones - the sea floor diagenetic environment. Geoscience Canada, 10: 162-179. 412 Daraei et al.
Jones, G.D., Whitaker, F.F., Smart, P.L., Sanford, W.E., 2002. Fate of reflux brines in carbonate platforms. Geology, 30: 371-374.
Joudaki, M., Asnavandi, H., Panah, F.M., Baghbani, D., 2020. The regional facies analysis and depositional environments of the Oligocene and Lower Miocene deposits; Zagros Basin, SW of Iran. Carbonates and Evaporites, 35.
Karami, S., Ahmadi, V., Sarooe, H., Bahrami, M., 2020. Facies analysis and depositional environment of the Oligocene–Miocene Asmari Formation, in Interior Fars (Zagros Basin, Iran). Carbonates and Evaporites, 35.
Kavoosi, M.A., Sherkati, S., 2012. Depositional environments of the Kalhur Member evaporites and tectonosedimentary evolution of the Zagros fold-thrust belt during Early Miocene in south westernmost of Iran. Carbonates and Evaporites, 27: 55-69.
Khalili, A., Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., Arian, M., Seyrafian, A., 2021. Carbonate platform evolution of the Asmari Formation in the east of Dezful Embayment, Zagros Basin, SW Iran. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 181: 104229.
Khazaie, E., Noorian, Y., Kavianpour, M., Moussavi-Harami, R., Mahboubi, A., Omidpour, A., 2022. Sedimentological and diagenetic impacts on porosity systems and reservoir heterogeneities of the Oligo-Miocene mixed siliciclastic and carbonate Asmari reservoir in the Mansuri oilfield, SW Iran. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ,213: 110435.
Lucia, F.J., 2007. Carbonate reservoir characterization : an integrated approach, 2nd ed. Springer, Berlin ; New York.
Lucia, F.J., Major, R.P., 1994. Porosity evolution through hypersaline reflux dolomitization. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication No. 21: 325-341.
Lucia, F.J., Ruppel, S.C., 1996. Characterization of diagenetically altered carbonate reservoirs, South Cowden Grayburg reservoir, West Texas, Proceedings - SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, pp. 883-893.
Luo, S., Tan, X., Chen, L., Li, F., Chen, P., Xiao, D., 2019. Dense brine refluxing: A new genetic interpretation of widespread anhydrite lumps in the Oligocene–Lower Miocene Asmari Formation of the Zagros foreland basin, NE Iraq. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 101: 373- 388.
Machel, H.G., 1999. Effects of groundwater flow on mineral diagenesis, with emphasis on carbonate aquifers. Hydrogeology Journal, 7: 94-107.
Machel, H.G., 2004. Concepts and models of dolomitization: A critical reappraisal, Geological Society Special Publication, pp. 7-63.
MacHel, H.G., 2005. Investigations of burial diagenesis in carbonate hydrocarbon reservoir rocks. Geoscience Canada, 32: 103-128.
McQuillan, H., 1973. Small-scale fracture density in Asmari Formation of southwest Iran and its relation to bed thickness and structural setting. AAPG Bulletin, 57: 2367-2385.
McQuillan, H., 1974. Fracture patterns on Kuh-e Asmari Anticline, Southwest Iran. AAPG Bulletin, 58: 236-246.
McQuillan, H., 1985. Fracture-controlled production from the Oligo-Miocene Asmari Formation in Gachsaran and Bibi Hakimeh Fields, SW Iran. Carbonate Petroleum Reservoirs, 513-523.
McQuillan, H., 1991. The role of basement tectonics in the control of sedimentary facies, structural patterns and salt plug emplacements in the Zagros fold belt of southwest Iran. Journal of Southeast Asian Earth Sciences, 5: 453-463.
Moghaddam, I.M., 2022. Facies distribution and paleogeography of the Oligocene–Miocene succession in southwestern Iran. Carbonates and Evaporites, 37.
Mohammadi, Z., Mehrabi, H., Gharechelou, S., Jalali, M., Swennen, R., 2022. Stratigraphic architecture and depositional–diagenetic evolution of Oligocene–Miocene carbonate– evaporite platform in the southern margin of the Neo-Tethys Ocean, Lurestan zone of Zagros, Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 233: 105249.
Moore, C.H., Wade, W.J., 2013. Carbonate reservoirs : porosity and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework, Second edition. ed. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Moradi, M., Moussavi-Harami, R., Mahboubi, A., Khanehbad, M., Ghabeishavi, A., 2017. Rock typing using geological and petrophysical data in the Asmari reservoir, Aghajari Oilfield, SW Iran. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 152: 523-537.
Mossadegh, Z.K., Haig, D.W., Allan, T., Adabi, M.H., Sadeghi, A., 2009. Salinity changes during Late Oligocene to Early Miocene Asmari Formation deposition, Zagros Mountains, Iran. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 272: 17-36.
Motiee, H., 1995. Petroleum Geology of Zagros Vols 1 and 2 Tehran Iran Geological Survey of Iran Publications, 572.
Nemati, M., Pezeshk, H., 2005. Spatial distribution of fractures in the Asmari Formation of Iran in subsurface environment: Effect of lithology and petrophysical properties. Natural Resources Research, 14: 305-316.
Noorian, Y., Moussavi-Harami, R., Hollis, C., Reijmer, J.J.G., Mahboubi, A., Omidpour, A., 2022. Control of climate, sea-level fluctuations and tectonics on the pervasive dolomitization and porosity evolution of the Oligo-Miocene Asmari Formation (Dezful Embayment, SW Iran). Sedimentary Geology, 427: 106048.
Noorian, Y., Moussavi-Harami, R., Reijmer, J.J.G., Mahboubi, A., Kadkhodaie, A., Omidpour, A., 2021. Paleo-facies distribution and sequence stratigraphic architecture of the Oligo- Miocene Asmari carbonate platform (southeast Dezful Embayment, Zagros Basin, SW Iran). Marine and Petroleum Geology, 128.
North, F.K., 1985. Petroleum Geology. Springer Netherlands, Boston. Omidpour, A., Mahboubi, A., Moussavi-Harami, R., Rahimpour-Bonab, H., 2022. Effects of dolomitization on porosity – Permeability distribution in depositional sequences and its effects on reservoir quality, a case from Asmari Formation, SW Iran. Journal of Petroleum Science
and Engineering, 208: 109348.
Omidpour, A., Moussavi-Harami, R., Mahboubi, A., Rahimpour-Bonab, H., 2021. Application of stable isotopes, trace elements and spectral gamma-ray log in resolving high-frequency stratigraphic sequences of a mixed carbonate-siliciclastic reservoirs. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 125: 104854.
Pedley, M., 1998. A review of sediment distributions and processes in Oligo-Miocene ramps of southern Italy and Malta (Mediterranean divide), Geological Society Special Publication, pp. 163-179.
Pomar, L., 2001. Types of carbonate platforms: A genetic approach. Basin Research, 13: 313-334.
Qing Sun, S., 1992. Skeletal aragonite dissolution from hypersaline seawater: a hypothesis.Sedimentary Geology, 77: 249-257.
Rahmanizadeh, S.H., Aleali, M., Jahani, D., Ghadimvand, N.K., 2022. Facies analysis and paleoenvieonmental reconstruction of the Oligocene-Early Miocene deposits in the western Lorestan Zone (North West Zagros Basin, Iran). Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 15.
Roozpeykar, A., Moghaddam, I.M., 2016. Benthic foraminifera as biostratigraphical and paleoecological indicators: An example from Oligo-Miocene deposits in the SW of Zagros basin, Iran. Geoscience Frontiers, 7: 125-140.
Sadeghi, R., Moussavi-Harami, R., kadkhodaie, A., Mahboubi, A., Ashtari, A., 2021. Reservoir rock typing of the Asmari Formation using integrating geological and petrophysical data for unraveling the reservoir heterogeneity: a case study from the Ramshir oilfield, southwest Iran. Carbonates and Evaporites, 36.
Saller, A.H., Henderson, N., 1998. Distribution of porosity and permeability in platform dolomites: insight from the Permian of west Texas. AAPG Bulletin, 82: 1528-1550.
Sepehr, M., Cosgrove, J.W., 2004. Structural framework of the Zagros Fold-Thrust Belt, Iran. 414 Daraei et al. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21: 829-843.
Seyrafian, A., 2000. Microfacies and depositional environments of the Asmari formation, at Dehdez area (a correlation across Central Zagros Basin). Carbonates and Evaporites, 15: 121- 129.
Shabafrooz, R., Mahboubi, A., Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., Ghabeishavi, A., Moussavi-Harami, R., 2015. Depositional architecture and sequence stratigraphy of the Oligo–Miocene Asmari platform; Southeastern Izeh Zone, Zagros Basin, Iran. Facies, 61.
Shariatinia, Z., Haghighi, M., Feiznia, S., Hall, D., Levresse, G., Dehghani, A.M., Rashidi, M., 2013. Paleofluid analysis from fracture-fill cements in the Asmari limestones of the Kuh-I- Mond field, SW Zagros, Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 6: 2539-2556.
Sharland, P.R., Archer, R., Casey, D.M., Davies, R.B., Hall, S.H., Heward, A.P., Horbury, A.D., Simmons, M.D., 2001. Arabian plate sequence stratigraphy. Gulf PetroLink, Manama, Bahrain.
Shepherd, M., 2009. Oil field production geology. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, Okla.
Sherkati, S., Letouzey, J., 2004. Variation of structural style and basin evolution in the central Zagros (Izeh zone and Dezful Embayment), Iran. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21: 535- 554.
Tyler, N., Galloway, W., Garrett Jr, C., Ewing, T., 1984. Oil accumulation, production characteristics, and targets for additional recovery in major oil reservoirs of Texas. The University of Texas at Austin, Bureau of Economic Geology Geologic Circular.
Van Buchem, F.S.P., Allan, T.L., Laursen, G.V., Lotfpour, M., Moallemi, A., Monibi, S., Motiei, H., Pickard, N.A.H., Tahmasbi, A.R., Vedrenne, V., Vincent, B., 2010. Regional stratigraphic architecture and reservoir types of the Oligo-Miocene deposits in the Dezful Embayment (Asmari and Pabdeh Formations) SW Iran, Geological Society Special Publication, pp. 219- 263.
Vaziri-Moghaddam, H., Kimiagari, M., Taheri, A., 2006. Depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy of the Oligo-Miocene Asmari Formation in SW Iran. Facies, 52: 41-51.
Wang, L., He, J., Ni, J.e., Yi, S., Wang, X., Sun, F., Li, C., 2021. Reservoir Characteristics and Main Controlling Factors in Mixed Sedimentary Background: A Case Study from Asmari Formation of N Oilfield, Middle East, in: Lin, J.e. (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2020. Springer Singapore, Singapore, pp. 1713-1725.
Wennberg, O.P., Azizzadeh, M., Aqrawi, A.A.M., 2007. The Khaviz Anticline-an outcrop analogue to giant fractured Asmari Formation reservoirs in SW Iran. Fractured Reservoirs, 270: 21-39.
Wennberg, O.P., Svånå, T., Azizzadeh, M., Aqrawi, A.M.M., Brockbank, P., Lyslo, K.B., Ogilvie, S., 2006. Fracture intensity vs. mechanical stratigraphy in platform top carbonates: The Aquitanian of the Asmari Formation, Khaviz Anticline, Zagros, SW Iran. Petroleum Geoscience, 12: 235-245.
Wilson, J.L., 1975. Carbonate facies in geologic history. Springer-Verlag, Berlin; New York. Worden, R.H., Armitage, P.J., Butcher, A.R., Churchill, J.M., Csoma, A.E., Hollis, C., Lander, R.H., Omma, J.E., 2018. Petroleum reservoir quality prediction: overview and contrasting approaches from sandstone and carbonate communities. Geological Society, London, Special
Publications, 435: SP435.421.
Ziegler, M.A., 2001. Late Permian to Holocene paleofacies evolution of the Arabian Plate and its hydrocarbon occurrences. GeoArabia, 6: 445-504

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 30 May 2023
  • Revise Date: 28 June 2023
  • Accept Date: 20 July 2023

Share

How to cite

Statistics