geodynamics and tectonic setting of volcanic rocks from Tineh to Reineh (Haraz road) in Iran

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Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Earth Sciences, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Mining Engineering, Sava.C., Islamic Azad University, Savadkooh, Iran

3 Department of Geology, Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Geology, Kah.C., Islamic Azad University, Kahnooj, Iran

Abstract

Damavand Stratovolcano is the highest volcano (5610m) in Iran and the Middle East. This mountain, located approximately 50 km northeast of Tehran, is currently experiencing fumarole activity. On the Haraz road, the main volcanic rocks are olivine basalt, trachyandesite, and basalt trachyandesite with olivine, clinopyroxene (augite), phlogopite, apatite, iron oxides, amphibole (pargasite), and zircon minerals. The chondrite-normalized and primitive mantle-normalized multi-element spider diagrams reveal enrichment in LILEs and LREEs, along with depletion in HFSEs and HREEs (such as Ti and Nb). These geochemical signatures reflect characteristics of both subduction-related and ocean island basalt (OIB) environments, suggesting a deep mantle source for the lavas. It appears that the local rise of deep-mantle materials beneath the Alborz Mountains led to the eruption of intraplate Damavand lavas. Compressional stress applied to the Iranian plate after the closure of Neotethys was a possible cause of sub-continental lithosphere delamination, which led to mantle uplift. The eruption of intraplate Damavand lavas appears to be linked to the localized upwelling of deep mantle material beneath the Alborz Mountains. This mantle ascent may have been triggered by compressional forces on the Iranian plate following the closure of the Neotethys Ocean, potentially causing delamination of the sub-continental lithosphere. . .

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Available Online from 18 October 2025

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  • Receive Date: 25 May 2025
  • Revise Date: 07 October 2025
  • Accept Date: 18 October 2025

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