Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater origin in the Sarduiyeh area, Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 School of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Faculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

3 Faculty of Geosciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

Abstract

In this study, hydrogeochemistry, the origin of the water resources, and geothermometry were investigated in the study area. Water resources at 43 points included 22 qanats, 3 wells, 12 cold springs, 2 thermal springs and 4 rivers. Based on the results, there were four dominant water types in the study area: Na-SO4, Na-HCO3, Na-Cl and Ca-HCO3 in the study area. The electrical conductivity (EC) in the groundwater varied between 1643 and 133 µS/cm. Most water samples were supersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite, while all samples were undersaturated with respect to gypsum and halite. According to ion ratios, calcium can also be derived from sources such as calcite, gypsum, dolomite, and silicates. The thermal springs in the area exhibited a different chemical composition compared to other water samples and had the highest EC and sulfate concentration. According to stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H), the source of cold-water springs and qanat was related to rainfall in the study area and re-evaporation has likely occurred in the precipitation. Additionally, the source of the thermal springs was probably related to the precipitation, and the possibility of mixing magmatic water with groundwater for the generation of thermal springs in the study area is low. Based on the geo-thermometry of the CCG method in hot springs, the thermal reservoir temperature was estimated about 165 °C, and the depth of this reservoir was likely located at 2500-3900 m.

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Article Title [Persian]

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History

  • Receive Date: 19 February 2025
  • Revise Date: 15 March 2025
  • Accept Date: 17 March 2025

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