Univrsity of Tehran PressGeopersia2228-781715220251129Geological conditions and geotechnical characteristics of young shallow sediments of the southern shore of the Caspian Sea_2112299998810.22059/geope.2024.380992.648771ENAliDarasaraieDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Central
Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranHassanNegahdarDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Central
Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMohammad RezaShakerimDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Central
Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranAmir AliZadDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Earth Resources Engineering, Central
Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20240816Global warming and the consequent climate changes have significantly declined the precipitation level in Iran and increased domestic migration to the southern shores of the Caspian Sea. This issue has accelerated construction activities and led to rapid infrastructure development in these areas. The sustainable development requires a comprehensive understanding of geological and geotechnical conditions. The information on geological and engineering properties of shallow soils has wide applications in construction activities and the preparation of geotechnical hazard zoning maps. The study aims to investigate the geological and geotechnical characteristics of young coastal sediments of the southern Caspian Sea basin up to a depth of 30 m using borehole information. To this end, the available boreholes were superimposed on the map of the southern coast of the Caspian. Next, two-dimensional geological sections were drawn manually by correlating the homogeneous layers. The results showed that the coastal shallow soils are mainly Sandy and include four geological layers: poorly graded Sand (SP), Sand with fines (SC/SM), low-plasticity Clay (CL), and Gravel layer (G). Based on the obtained results, the grain size of the sediments shows a clear relationship with the width and slope of the coastal plain. In this respect, fine-grained sediments are often more abundant on the eastern coast than on the central-western coast. Finally, the geotechnical characteristics of each layer, including Atterberg limits (LL and PL), consolidation, undrained shear strength, and drained shear strength, were calculated by analyzing the results of the laboratory tests conducted on the samples obtained from different depths.https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_99988_7f15e7c6f6f16df3dd05dd8607cbeb2a.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressGeopersia2228-781715220251129Engineering classification of argillite rocks with emphasis on laboratory tests in Makran structural field-23125210008210.22059/geope.2025.384557.648784ENValiollahAhmadi KhounsarakiDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranAliUromeihyDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranMehrdadAmiriDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranSaeedMadanipourDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20241029Argillite rocks are among the weak rocks that cause damage in the engineering project implementation due to stone swellability, high slake, and low strength and durability. South Makran structural zone is located in the southeastern part of Iran between the two thrust faults of Makran and Qasr-Ghand. Most of the sediments are Quartz fragments (silt size) with carbonate cement containing sub-minerals of calcite and fossil fragments, indicating a shallow and low-energy marine environment of the Neogene age. Based on the main faults south Makran is divided into four sub-areas, Makran, Zirdan, Chahan and Getivan. Field harvesting was used in each of the sub-areas for stone engineering classification and<br />sampling for laboratory tests to determine the physical, mechanical and dynamic characteristics of the rock. According to rock engineering classification, most sediments are in weak and very weak classification. Petrology studies, determination of physical characteristics, durability test, point load strength and ultrasonic test were carried out. The results of the tests show that the sediments located in coastal Makran have more porosity and less cement due to the youngness of the sedimentation basin, and they have less strength characteristics in terms of durability. The results of the second stage cycle durability test show that porosity changes have the highest correlation with compressional wave velocity, uniaxial compressive strength, calcium carbonate percentage and SiO2 percentage, and with the porosity increasing the efflorescence durability amount decreases (R2=0.82). The durability of the second stage (Id2) has a relationship between porosity percentage (n %) and compressive wave velocity (Vp) with a correlation value of (R2=0.91) and calcium carbonate percentage (%CaCO3) and compressive wave velocity (vp) with a value correlation of(R2=0.83). In order to determine the effective factors on the durability of argillite rocks, the experimental model of path analysis was used to determine the influencing coefficients, where porosity has a direct effect, and calcium carbonate percentage, dry<br />density, and compressive wave velocity have an indirect effecthttps://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_100082_404930e8019b89e0af36d33cb86a4aba.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressGeopersia2228-781715220251129Geochemical characteristics and paleogeographic analysis of the Late Cretaceous (Ilam Formation) in the Lorestan subzone, Zagros area, Iran-25327110092110.22059/geope.2025.389942.648804ENAtefehYeganeh MoghadamDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranAsadollahMahboubiDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranMohammad HosseinMahmoodigharaieDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranRezaMousavi HaramiDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20250204The Ilam Formation in the Zagros basin, southwest Iran, is a rich petroleum reservoir rock that possesses considerable exploration potential. This study provides valuable insights into the paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic conditions of the Ilam Formation using sedimentological and geochemical analysis as well as sea-level changes during the Late Cretaceous time (Late Santonian-Late Campanian) in the Lorestan area. Based on petrographic analysis, four microfacies were identified in the studied area (Mehdi Abad section) in the Ilam Formation that were deposited in an outer ramp setting, from middle neritic to bathyal, in a homoclinal ramp. Sequence stratigraphic analysis led to detect two transgressive system tracts and one regressive system tract. In the current study, the paleogeochemical signatures, using redox-sensitive elements, show strong evidence of declining oxygen level during the Late Santonian and Late Campanian; however, increase of oxygen levels only observed during the Early Campanian time. The changes in oxic-anoxic conditions in the depositional basin during deposition of the Ilam Formation can be correlated with the final phase of the oceanic anoxic event in the Cretaceous. However, the closure event of the Neo-Tethys Ocean and subsequent changes in fault mechanisms and basin structure were causal mechanisms of oxic-anoxic conditions during this period.https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_100921_d5b0e5e1abdc2044cce9b93bbc6c0ae0.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressGeopersia2228-781715220251129Assessment of the stress path and prediction of fault activity in oil reservoirs(Ahvaz oil field)-27329510108610.22059/geope.2025.385995.648789ENBehrozTeimoriDepartment of Earth Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMehranArianDepartment of Earth Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranMohammadAbdidehDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Omidiyeh Branch,Islamic Azad University, Omidiyeh, Iran.0000-0003-2732-4809AliSolgiDepartment of Earth Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranZahraMalekiDepartment of Earth Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20241125Understanding fault conditions and slip behavior is essential throughout the lifespan of a reservoir. The formation of new gaps or faults within a reservoir significantly increases the costs and risks associated with drilling operations. This research examined the potential for fracture formation resulting from discharge and a reduction in pore pressure. Well drilling data from a reservoir in southwest Iran were used to calculate the principal stresses and develop a geomechanical model. Based on this model, the safe mud weight window for drilling was also determined. Finally, the potential for fracture formation was assessed throughout the reservoir's production phase. The results show that the mud loss pressure in the reservoir corresponds to the minimum horizontal stress value (σ3), with an average value of approximately 41.75 MPa. The stress regime in the reservoir is a normal (σv> σH> σh), and the safest drilling direction is parallel to the vertical stress. According to the results, the orientations of the minimum and maximum horizontal stresses are N16W-S16E and N74E-S74W, respectively, with a standard deviation of 6.5 degrees. As a result of the production and discharge of hydrocarbon reservoirs, the initial pore pressure decreases. The decrease in pore pressure causes a change in the effective stress and subsequently the in situ stress field, and this phenomenon will cause new fractures and faults in the reservoir. The formation of new faults due to reservoir discharge is more likely to occur in the sandstone layers of the studied reservoir compared to the limestone and dolomite layers.https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_101086_267deb27e1bce047ee01f99ace15f9a8.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressGeopersia2228-781715220251129Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater origin in the Sarduiyeh area, Iran-29731410123410.22059/geope.2025.390781.648810ENRezaJahanshahiSchool of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2931-2377NozhatMahmoodinejadFaculty of Science, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, IranSepidehMaliFaculty of Geosciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, IranJournal Article20250219In this study, hydrogeochemistry, the origin of the water resources, and geothermometry were investigated in the study area. Water resources at 43 points included 22 qanats, 3 wells, 12 cold springs, 2 thermal springs and 4 rivers. Based on the results, there were four dominant water types in the study area: Na-SO4, Na-HCO3, Na-Cl and Ca-HCO3 in the study area. The electrical conductivity (EC) in the groundwater varied between 1643 and 133 µS/cm. Most water samples were supersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite, while all samples were undersaturated with respect to gypsum and halite. According to ion ratios, calcium can also be derived from sources such as calcite, gypsum, dolomite, and silicates. The thermal springs in the area exhibited a different chemical composition compared to other water samples and had the highest EC and sulfate concentration. According to stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H), the source of cold-water springs and qanat was related to rainfall in the study area and re-evaporation has likely occurred in the precipitation. Additionally, the source of the thermal springs was probably related to the precipitation, and the possibility of mixing magmatic water with groundwater for the generation of thermal springs in the study area is low. Based on the geo-thermometry of the CCG method in hot springs, the thermal reservoir temperature was estimated about 165 °C, and the depth of this reservoir was likely located at 2500-3900 m.https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_101234_1ff604c638c7bb82645c107f604899e1.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressGeopersia2228-781715220251129Predicting Groundwater Capture Zone Characteristics Using Fuzzy Inference System(FIS), Case study: Abarkooh Aquife-31532210133510.22059/geope.2025.382188.648788ENSajjadMoradi Nazar PoorFaculty of earth Sciences, Shiraz university, IranHadiJafariFaculty of Earth Sciences, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, IranJournal Article20241123Groundwater is a vital resource for human water supply, making the study of well capture zones critical, particularly for anthropogenic water sources and water quality management. Capture zones, also known as wellhead protection areas, are influenced by numerous factors, including pumping rate, hydraulic conductivity, groundwater gradient, and other hydrogeological parameters. Various methods exist for calculating capture zones, ranging from analytical approaches to advanced numerical models, and these methods continue to evolve. This research introduces, for the first time, the application of a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) to predict both the size and elongation of capture zones. Key input parameters include annual well discharge (measured in million cubic meters, MCM), hydraulic conductivity, groundwater gradient, and aquifer thickness. Results from the WhAEM software were used as target values to validate the FIS predictions. The findings reveal strong correlations between the FIS predictions and the WhAEM results, with correlation<br />coefficients (R) of 0.92 for capture zone size and 0.73 for elongation coefficient. These results underscore the effectiveness of fuzzy logic in accurately predicting critical hydrogeological parameters, offering a robust alternative method for capture zone analysis. These results underscore the effectiveness of fuzzy logic in accurately predicting critical hydrogeological parameters, offering a robust alternative method for capture zone analysis.https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_101335_0971e9bcb8535b8fd8af2093b00d5d63.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressGeopersia2228-781715220251129Numerical study of topography and inclined load effects on bearing capacity of strip foundations adjacent to a sandy slope-32333710133610.22059/geope.2025.386062.648790ENAliRajabiSchool of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, IranMostafaBaghjariDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Qom, Qom, IranRanaAziziSchool of Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, IranJournal Article20241130Rapid urbanization near the mountainous areas and sloping grounds and its effect on bearing capacity of shallow foundations have become one of the foremost geotechnical challenges in some regions. Bearing capacity of a strip foundation adjacent to a slope depends on many factors including slope angle (β), inclined load angle (θ), soil friction angle (φ), slope height (H), distance of the edge of foundation from the slope (λ) and depth of the foundation (D). Although there have been many studies on these parameters in recent years, the effect of the mentioned parameters on bearing capacity of shallow foundations and simultaneously under the inclined load effect is still not investigated. In this<br />concept and by modeling foundation and sloping ground in ABAQUS 6.14.1, the bearing capacity of shallow foundation underlaid by drained sandy soil and under the effect of the inclined load and the mentioned parameters is studied. The results show that by increasing slope angle and slope height, the bearing capacity of the adjacent strip foundation decreases. Also, by increasing the distance of the edge of foundation from the slope and the load angle, the bearing capacity of the adjacent strip foundation increases. Numerical studies show that the effective distance of the slope on the bearing capacity of adjacent strip foundation is about 4B (B represents the width of strip foundation). In this article, the results of the current study are compared with the studies of the other researchers in cohesive and granular soils. The results show that by taking into account the concurrent effect of all the parameters in design, the effect of slope angle on the bearing capacity of shallow foundation should be significantly noticed..https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_101336_0d679a3f6b77afb13ef21acfebc58287.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressGeopersia2228-781715220251129Impact of Temperature on the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Lime-Stabilized Aeolian Sands_33935710157010.22059/geope.2025.390214.648806ENAkbarCheshomiDepartment of Engineering Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranFarnazSafarzadehDepartment of Engineering Geology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20250209Aeolian sands are widely distributed in the Khuzestan Plain and serve as a common borrow material. Lime (CaO) has long been used to improve soil engineering properties. Given the high temperatures in this region, it is essential to assess the impact of temperature on the unconfined compressive strength (qu) of lime-stabilized aeolian sand. In this study, aeolian sand samples were collected and mixed with 5%, 7%, and 9% lime by weight. The samples were cured for 7, 14, and 21 days and then tested at temperatures of 20°C, 30°C, 50°C, and 70°C. According to the Unified Soil Classification System, the tested sand is poorly graded (SP) with an optimum moisture content of 13.18% and a maximum dry density of 1.688 g/cm³. The results showed that qu increases with curing time and lime content but decreases with higher test temperatures. SEM images revealed that lime particles fill voids and bond sand grains, enhancing strength. However, as temperature increased from 20°C to 70°C, samples with 5%, 7%, and 9% lime (cured for 21 days) showed qu reductions of 56%, 48%, and 52%, respectively. Since the samples were tested in dry conditions, this decline is attributed to differences in the thermal expansion of quartz and lime, as well as the increased kinetic energy and fluid volume. An empirical model was proposed to estimate qu under varying conditions.https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_101570_44f9bb7522d065f77e26d81c41796c67.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressGeopersia2228-781715220251129Characterization of organic matter and petroleum generation potental of the Middle Jurassic Kashafrud Formation, Eastern Koppeh-Dagh, NE Iran: Implications for improved petroleum system understanding_35938510172110.22059/geope.2025.389440.648800ENAliShekarifardدانشگاه تهران، دکتری ژئوشیمی نفتMajiidSafaei-FaroujiDepartment of Geosciences, University of Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, AustriaElhamTarhandehExploration Directorate, National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), Tehran, IranMehdiNamjoyanPetro Gostar Permayon Company, Tehran, IranMehrabRashidiExploration Directorate, National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), Tehran, IranHosseinBahramiExploration Directorate, National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC), Tehran, IranJournal Article20250126Geochemical characterization of organic matter (OM) from the Middle Jurassic Kashafrud Formation, as main possible source rock of the gas-fields in the Eastern Koppeh-Dagh from NE Iran, is main aim of this study. The total organic carbon (TOC) ranges from 0.10 to 1.37 wt% (on average: 0.46 wt%) and 0.04 to 1.5 wt% (on average: 0.56 wt%) for the surface sections and wells, respectively. Although mean residual TOC from the Kashafrud Formation is poor to fair but there are still good source rocks in the Formation that show higher content of carbonate with the higher TOC (up to 1.5 wt%). TOC and carbonate content show covariance. VRo ranges from 0,6 to 1,97% hence the kashafrud Formation is thermally early mature to over-mature. Kerogen is dominated by amorphoud organic matter (AOM) of phytoplanktonic origin with moderate to high amount of phytoclasts. Biomarker data confirms this result. The source rocks from the Kashafrud Formation, after maturing, generating, and expelling petroleum (gas and oil), can still be considered as a gas-prone source rock with Type III kerogen. Rock-Eval pyrolysis and organic petrography indicate presence of non-indigenous hydrocarbons (HCs) and therefore, confirm generation and expulsion of oil within the Kashafrud Formation. The mixed siliciclastic-carbonate facies, has played a more significant role in oil generation and expulsion. In the eastern Koppeh Dagh, there is still a chance of developing gas and even oil fields in potentual resrevoir rocks within the Kashafrud Formation and overlying formations.https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_101721_2e96c970626e4685d080db0b453c0aab.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressGeopersia2228-781715220251129Kinematics of the Mezaijaan salt glacier based on InSAR data in the interior Fars of the Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt, Iran-38740710182910.22059/geope.2025.389864.648803ENArashJamshidiDepartment of Geology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranSaeedMadanipourDepartment of Geology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranZahraMousaviDepartment of Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, IranJournal Article20250203The study of subaerial salt diapirs kinematics plays an important role in exploiting them as a host of resources, the objective of engineering operations or preventing the risks associated with them, The Zagros Fold and Thrust Belt (ZFTB) is a well-known host of salt diapirs across the world provided natural examples for exploring the interaction between internal forces driving salt extrusion, surface processes and climate which vanish them. The Mazaayjaan (MZJ) subaerial salt dome as one of the active subaerial salt dome which located in a near flat region, with an arid climate and sparse vegetation was selected as a unique candidate to investigate by Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, therefor the Sentinel 1A SLC images in ascending and descending orbits were processed by the StaMPS algorithm to extract surface displacement time-series, then jointly analyzed with geomorphic properties and weather records to clarify the relation between them, The results show a maximum of 15 mm/year in the vertical and 30 mm/year in the horizontal for MZJ surface deformation; the observed uplift rates in conjunction with other lines of evidence suggest that active shortening across the belt plays the main role in salt extrusion while sedimentation has a negligible role, at the surface, the gravity spreading which facilitated by the weakening effects of meteoric waters is the main vanishing factor, the entire body of MZJ shows a strong seasonality in which its displacement accelerates or decelerates by wet and dry periods while temperature fluctuation has no noticeable effect.https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_101829_7c90c02132055e1fc2d2568fc11b6bdf.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressGeopersia2228-781715220251129A comparative analysis data mining tools predicting strength parameters of rocks by point load index--40942710193010.22059/geope.2025.390443.648807ENAminJamshidiDepartment of Geology, Lorestan University, Faculty of Science, Khorramabad, IranDenizAkbayÇanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çan Vocational School, Department of Mining and Mineral Extraction, Çan, Çanakkale, TurkeyJournal Article20250213The most important criteria needed for the investigation and characterization of a rock mass on site in a geotechnical project are its uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and tensile strength (TS). The UCS and TS of rocks are determined directly by complex laboratory or field tests that require specialized prepared samples and equipment. Therefore, the UCS and TS of rocks are estimated through several index parameters via regression analysis. The point load index (PLI) due to its simplicity and quickness is a common parameter for estimating the UCS and TS of rocks. In this study, data mining tools are used to estimate the UCS and TS [determined through the Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) test] of rock using PLI. The statistical parameters, including mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and correlation coefficient (r), are used to evaluate the performance of each data mining tool. The validity and accuracy of platforms' data mining tools were verified according to the statistical parameters. The results indicated that all three platforms' data mining tools exhibited remarkable ability to predict UCS and BTS using PLI. Finally, using platforms' data mining tools obviates the need to perform the UCS and BTS tests as time-consuming and laborious efforts.https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_101930_b215e748bf6c1965f8caecc9a753bd41.pdfUnivrsity of Tehran PressGeopersia2228-781715220251129Estimation of Cerchar Abrasivity Index Using Petrographical, Textural and Mechanical Rock characteristics in Igneous Rocks_42945210193110.22059/geope.2025.389908.648805ENSeyed SajjadKarrariDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranMojtabaHeidariDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, IranJafarKhademi HamidiDepartment of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IranMohammadKhaleghi-EsfahaniDépartement de géologie et de génie géologique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval,
Québec, CanadaEbrahimSharifi TeshniziDepartment of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, IranJournal Article20250208Cerchar Abrasivity Index (CAI) test is commonly used to assess the abrasiveness of rocks due to its efficiency and simplicity. This research focuses on estimating CAI values based on the petrographical, textural, and mechanical characteristics of igneous rock. The study examines the potential correlation between CAI values, petrographical, and textural characteristics using a dataset comprising 15 samples from 5 different types of igneous rocks. The researchers employed a range of statistical analyses, including Pearson's correlations, Simple and Multiple linear and non-linear regression, and artificial neural network (ANN) analyses. These methods were used to examine the relationship between CAI values and various parameters. CAI has a direct correlation with Texture Coefficient (TC), Heterogeneity (H), Saturation Index (SI), Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS), Abrasivity Index (ABI), and Rock Abrasivity Index (RAI), with the exception of Feldspathic Index (FI) and Porosity (P). Results showed that by increasing CAI values, the TC, H, RAI, ABI, and SI increased, and FI decreased. By increasing TC and H, the percentage of quartz increases, and alkali feldspar decreases. The study suggests SI, FI, TC, and H are appropriate in assessing the abrasiveness of igneous rocks. Validation of the results displayed that new models can be used for predicting CAI with acceptable accuracy.https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_101931_c77fe4eb37b7156f1c1d68bccd498b9a.pdf