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<XML>
		<JOURNAL>
<YEAR>2021</YEAR>
<VOL>11</VOL>
<NO>1</NO>
<MOSALSAL>2228782</MOSALSAL>
<PAGE_NO>243</PAGE_NO>
<ARTICLES>


				<ARTICLE>
                <LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
				<TitleF>-</TitleF>
				<TitleE>Integration of 3D seismic attributes and well logs for Asmari reservoir characterization in the Ramshir oilfield, the Dezful Embayment, SW Iran</TitleE>
                <URL>https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_76300.html</URL>
                <DOI>10.22059/geope.2020.295613.648523</DOI>
                <DOR></DOR>
				<ABSTRACTS>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>3D seismic attributes and well logs were used to estimated porosity and water saturation in the Asmari Formation in the Dezful Embayment, SW Iran. For this purpose, at first, the 3D seismic volume was inverted base on the model, to obtain acoustic impedance cube. Afterward, the impedance and other attributes extracted from seismic volume were analyzed by multiple attribute regression transform and neural networks to predict porosity and water saturation between wells. Then linear or non–linear combinations of attributes performed for porosity and water saturation prediction. The result shows that the match between the actual and predicted porosity and water saturation improved; using only a single attribute to the derived multi attribute transforms and neural networks model. Based on the results of neural networks, the highest cross–correlation was observed between seismic attributes and the observed target logs between seven wells in the study area. Based on our study, the cross–correlation between actual and predicted porosity and water saturation increased and reached 93% and 90% respectively in the case of using probabilistic neural networks (PNN). Finally, according to the cross–validation results, PNN neural networks are used for porosity and water saturation prediction. We carry out porosity and water saturation slicing from the Asmari Formation for display lateral and vertical heterogeneities, and the result provided a reliable picture from subsurface formations. Porosity maps distribution shows the western portion of the structure is highly porous and should be considered for further exploration and development purposes. A possible reason for this high porosity in the western portion of the studied formation is the presence of sand layers, especially in zone 2.Note that sand volume increased towards west and northwest in direction of shadegan and Ahvaz fields and decreased towards east and southeast to Rag–e–Sefid field. Based on the result between acoustic impedance and core, changes in acoustic impedance were related to changes in the geological nature of the Asmari reservoir in the field. Accordingly, seismic inversion is a powerful tool for studying the details of lithology and sedimentary facies.</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>0</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>-</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
				</ABSTRACTS>
				<PAGES>
					<PAGE>
						<FPAGE>1</FPAGE>
						<TPAGE>21</TPAGE>
					</PAGE>
				</PAGES>
	
				<AUTHORS><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Rahmat</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Sadeghi</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University , Mashhad, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>rahmat.sadeghi60@gmail.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Reza</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Muossavi Harami</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University , Mashhad, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>moussavi@um.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Ali</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Kadkhodaie</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Earth Science Department Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>kadkhodaie_ali@tabrizu.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Asadollah</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Mahboubi</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University , Mashhad, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>mahboubi@um.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Rahim</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Kadkhodaie</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Research Institute of Petroleum Industries (RIPI), Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>rahimkadkhodaee2005@gmail.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Ahmad</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Ashtari</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC), Geophysics Department, Ahvaz, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>aashtari62@gmail.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR></AUTHORS>
				<KEYWORDS></KEYWORDS>
				<REFRENCES>
				<REFRENCE>
				<REF>Abreu, V., Sullivan, M., Pirmez, C., Mohrig, D., 2003. Lateral accretion packages (LAPs): an important reservoir element in deep water sinuous channels. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 20: 631- 648.####Aleardi, M., 2018. Applying a probabilistic seismic-petrophysical inversion and two different rock##physics models for reservoir characterization in offshore Nile delta. Geophysics, 148: 272-286.####Bosch, M., Mukerji, T., Gonzalez, E.F., 2010. Seismic inversion for reservoir properties combining statistical rock physics and geostatistics: A review. Geophysics, 75: 165-176.####Calderon, J.E., Castagna, J., 2007. Porosity and lithologic estimation using rock physics and multiattribute transforms in Balcon Field, Colombia. The Leading Edge, 26: 142-150.####Chen, Q., Sidney, S., 1997. Seismic attribute technology for reservoir forecasting and monitoring. The Leading Edge, 16: 445-456.####Chopra, S., Marfurt, K. J., 2007. Seismic Attributes for Prospect Identification and Reservoir##Geopersia 2021, 11(1): 1-21 19####Characterization: Geophysical Development Series 11, Society of Exploration Geophysics, 481 p.####Cooke, D., Schneider, W.A., 1983. Generalized linear inversion of reflection seismic data. Geophysics,48: 665-676.####Cooke, D., Cant, J., 2010. Model-based Seismic Inversion: Comparing deterministic and probabilistic approaches. Canadian Society of Exploration. Geophysicists, CSEG Recorder, 35: 28-39.####Faraji, M. A., Kadkhodaie, A., Rezaee, R., Wood, D. A., 2017. Integration of core data, well logs and seismic attributes for identification of the low reservoir quality units with unswept gas in the##carbonate rocks of the world’s largest gas field. Journal of Earth Science, 28: 857-866.####Farfour, M., Yoon, W.J., Kim, J., 2015. Seismic attributes and acoustic impedance inversion in##interpretation of complex hydrocarbon reservoirs. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 114: 68-80.####Gogoi, T., Chatterjee, R., 2019. Estimation of petrophysical parameters using seismic inversion and neural network modeling in upper Assam Basin, India, Geoscience Frontiers, 10(3):1113-1124.####Hampson, D.P., Schuelke, J.S., Quirein, J.A., 2001. Use of multiattribute transforms to predict log properties from seismic data. Geophysics, 66:220-236.####Haris, A., Pradana, G. S., Riyanto, A., 2017.Combination of Seismic Inversion and Spectral##Decomposition to Identify Reservoir and Gas Content: A Case Study of CH Field, East Java Basin AIP Conference Proceedings 1862, 030163.####Huuse, M., Feary, D.A., 2005. Seismic inversion for acoustic impedance and porosity of Cenozoic coolwater carbonates on the upper continental slope of the Great Australian Bight. Marine Geology, 215:123-134.####Iturrarán-Viveros, U., Parra, J.O., 2014. Artificial Neural Networks applied to estimate permeability, porosity and intrinsic attenuation using seismic attributes and well log data. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 107:45-54.####John, A., Lake, L.W., Torres-Verdin, C., Srinivasan, 2005. Seismic Facies Identification and##classification using simple statistics. Society of Petroleum Engineers. SPE 96577.####Kadkhodaie-Ilkhchi, A., Rezaee, M.R., Rahimpour-Bonab, H., Chehrazi, A., 2009. Petrophysical data prediction from seismic attributes using committee fuzzy inference system. Computers &amp;##Geosciences, 35: 2314-2330.####Kadkhodaie-Ilkhchi, R., Moussavi-Harami, R., Rezaee, R., Nabi-Bidhendi, M., Kadkhodaie Ilkhchi, A., 2014. Seismic inversion and attributes analysis for porosity evaluation of the tight gas sandstones of the Whicher Range field in the Perth Basin, Western Australia. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 21: 1073-1083.####Kadkhodaie-Ilkhchi, R., Rezaee, R., Moussavi-Harami, R., Kadkhodaie-Ilkhchi, A., 2013. Analysis of the reservoir electrofacies in the framework of hydraulic flow units in the Whicher Range Field, Perth Basin, Western Australia. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 111: 106-120.####Khoshdel, H., Riahi, M.A., 2007. 3D porosity estimation using multi attribute analysis methods in one of the Persian Gulf oil fields. EUROPEC /EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition, London, June 11-14: 1-12.####Khoshdel, H., Riahi, M.A., 2011. Multi attribute transform and neural network in porosity estimation of an offshore oil field. A case study. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 78:740-747.####Kumar, R., Das, B., Chatterjee, R., Sain, K., 2016. A methodology of porosity estimation from inversion of post stack seismic data. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 28: 356-364.####Lavergne, M., Willm, C., 1977. Inversion of seismograms and pseudo velocity logs. Geophysical Prospecting, 25: 231-250.####Leiphart, D.J., Hart, B.S., 2001. Comparison of linear regression and a probabilistic neural network to predict porosity from 3D seismic attributes in Lower Brushy Canyon channeled sandstones, southeast New Mexico. Geophysics, 66: 1349-1358.####Leite, E.P., Vidal, A.C., 2011. 3D porosity prediction from seismic inversion and neural networks. Computers &amp; Geosciences, 37: 1174-1180.####Li, M., 2014. Geophysical Exploration Technology: Applications in Lithological and Stratigraphic##Reservoirs (1rd edition). Elsevier Inc.MA. USA.480 p. Lindseth, R.O., 1979. Synthetic sonic logs: a process for stratigraphic interpretation. Geophysics, 44: 3-26####Mallick, S., 1995. Model based inversion of amplitude variations with offset data using a genetic algorithm. Geophysics, 60: 939-954.####20 Sadeghi et al. Maurya, S.P., Singh, K.H., 2019. Predicting Porosity by Multivariate Regression and Probabilistic Neural Network using Model based and Coloured Inversion as External Attributes: A Quantitative Comparison. Journal of Geological Society of India, 93: 207-212.####Naeem, M., El-Araby, H.M., Khalil, M.K., Jafri, M.K., Khan, F., 2015. Integrated study of seismic and well data for porosity estimation using multi attribute transforms: a case study of Boonsville Field, Fort Worth Basin, Texas, USA. Arabian Journal of Geoscience, 8: 8777-8793.####Na’imi, S.R., Shadizadeh, S.R., Riahi, M.A., Mirzakhanian, M., 2014. Estimation of reservoir porosity and water saturation based on seismic attributes using support vector regression approach. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 107: 93-101.####NISOC, 2016. Map of distribution of oil and gas fields in the Zagros basin, IranNational .(50,000/1) ,Iranian South Oil Company.(unpublished).Ahwaz, Iran Ogiesoba, O.C., 2010. Porosity prediction from seismic attributes of the Ordovician Trenton Black River groups, Rochester field, southern Ontario. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,##94:1673-1693.####Osleger, D.A., Montanez, I.P., 1996. Cross-platform architecture of a sequence boundary in mixed siliciclastic-carbonate lithofacies, Middle Cambrian, southern Great Basin, USA. Sedimentology, 43: 197-217.####Perez-Muoz, T., Velasco-Hernandez, J., Hernandez-Martinez, E., 2013. Wavelet transform analysis for lithological characteristics identification in siliciclastic oil fields. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 98:298-308.####Pramanik, A.G., Singh, V., Vig, R., Srivastava, A.K., Tiwary, D.N., 2004. Estimation of effective##porosity using geostatistics and multiattribute transforms: A case study. Geophysics, 69: 352-372.####Prospectiuni., S.A. &amp; Pedex, 2009. Final report on 3D land seismic acquisition Ramshir area, National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC), Iran.####Raeesi, M., Moradzadeh, A., Ardejani, F.D., Rahimi, M., 2012. Classification and identification of hydrocarbon reservoir lithofacies and their heterogeneity using seismic attributes, logs data, and artificial neural networks. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 82:151-165.####Rezaee, M.R., Slatt, R., Kadkhodaie, A., 2006. Application of Intelligent Systems for Generating##Wireline Logs. Earth Science Journal, University of Oklahoma, USA, 2006 Edition. P.56-66.####Rezvandehy, M., Aghababaei, H., Tabatabaee Raissi, S.H., 2011. Integrating seismic attributes in the accurate modeling of geological structures and determining the storage of the gas reservoir in Gorgan Plain (North of Iran). Journal of Applied Geophysics, 73: 187-195.####Russell, B.H., 2004. The application of multivariate statistics and neural networks to the prediction of reservoir parameters using seismic attributes. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Calgary, Alberta. 392p.####Russell, B., Hampson, D., 1991. A comparison of post stack seismic inversion methods: In 61st Annual international Meeting, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Expanded abstracts, pp. 876-878.####Saltzer, R., Finn, C., Burtz, O., 2005. Predicting V shale and porosity using cascaded seismic and rock physics inversion. The Leading Edge, 24: 732-736.####Schlumberger, 2003. A geological overview of Iran. Reservoir optimization conference, 19 p.##Sepehr, M., Cosgrove, J.W., 2005. The Role of the Kazerun fault zones in the formation and deformation of the Zagros fold-thrust belt, Iran. Tectonics, 24: 1-13.####Schultz, P. S., Ronen, S., Hattori, M., Corbett, C., 1990a. Seismic guided estimation of log properties, part 1: The Leading Edge, 11: 543 - 514.####Schultz, P. S., Ronen, S., Hattori, M., Corbett, C., 1990b. Seismic guided estimation of log properties, part 2: The Leading Edge, 11: 670-678####Simm, R., Bacon, M., 2014. Seismic Amplitude: An interpreter’s handbook (1rd edition). Cambridge University Press, 281 p.####Snedden, J.W., 2013. Channel-body basal scours: Observations from 3D seismic and importance for subsurface reservoir connectivity. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 39: 150-163.####Specht, D.F., 1990. Probabilistic neural networks. Neural networks, 3: 109-118.####Swisi A., 2009. Post-and pre-stack attribute analysis and inversion of Blackfoot 3D seismic dataset.M.Sc. thesis, Department of Geological Science, University of Saskatchewan.154p.####Tonn, R., 2002. Neural network seismic reservoir characterization in heavy oil reservoir. The Leading Edge, 21: 309-312.####Walls, J.D., Taner, M.T., Taylor, G., Smith, M., Carr, M., Derzhi, N., Drummond, J., McGuire, D.,##Morris, S., Bregar, J., 2002. Seismic reservoir characterization of a US Midcontinent fluvial system using rock physics, poststack seismic attributes, and neural networks. The Leading Edge, 21: 428- 436.####Yao, T., Journel, A.G., 2000. Integrating seismic attribute maps and well logs for porosity modeling in a west Texas carbonate reservoir: addressing the scale and precision problem. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 28: 65-79.####</REF>
						</REFRENCE>
					</REFRENCES>
			</ARTICLE>
				<ARTICLE>
                <LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
				<TitleF>-</TitleF>
				<TitleE>New insights into the 2017 Sefidsang earthquake by Coulomb stress change pattern and aftershock distributions: implication for active tectonics of NE Iran</TitleE>
                <URL>https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_76373.html</URL>
                <DOI>10.22059/geope.2020.299725.648538</DOI>
                <DOR></DOR>
				<ABSTRACTS>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>The April 5th 2017 Mw 6.15 Sefidsang earthquake occurred east-northeast of the town of Fariman near the Cimmerian arc-related Fariman complex. The stress distribution was estimated by seismic parameters and Coulomb stress distribution in the source region. Inferred Coulomb stress field and general pattern of aftershocks distribution revealed that the Sefidsang earthquake occurred on a northeast-dipping listric fault with dextral reverse movement. Proximity of the Sefidsang sequence to Fariman complex proposes the reactivation of the pre-existing Cimmerian arc-related faults in the present-day stress field. The crustal-penetrating low-angle inverted faults coupled with Mesozoic mafic–ultramafic magmatism can shed light on the structural aspects of the region. The kinematics was also investigated by GPS velocity fields and morphotectonic features. The counterclockwise block rotation under the left-lateral regional shear between the Doruneh fault system and the North Kopeh Dagh fault system and NE-oriented coeval shortening led to the formation of rhombic structures. Cimmerian-related basement faults in NE Iran confined the expansion of rhombic cells and sense of block rotation. The results of this study improved our understanding about kinematics of active deformation in NE Iran and had important implications for seismic hazard assessment of the region and potential future failure area.</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>0</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>-</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
				</ABSTRACTS>
				<PAGES>
					<PAGE>
						<FPAGE>23</FPAGE>
						<TPAGE>42</TPAGE>
					</PAGE>
				</PAGES>
	
				<AUTHORS><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Mahnaz</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Nedaei</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Geology , Payame Noor University (PNU), 19395-4697 Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>m.nedaei@pnu.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>حسن</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Hasan</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Alizadeh</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Geology , Payame Noor University (PNU), 19395-4697 Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>dr.alizadehs@gmail.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR></AUTHORS>
				<KEYWORDS></KEYWORDS>
				<REFRENCES>
				<REFRENCE>
				<REF>Aflaki, M., Mousavi, Z., Ghods, A., Shabanian, E., Vajedian, S., Akbarzadeh, M., 2019. The 2017 Mw 6 Sefid Sang earthquake and its implication for the geodynamics of NE Iran. Geophysical Journal International, 218(2): 1227-1245.####Aki, M., 1965. Maximum likelihood estimate of b in the formula log N = a − bM and its confidence limits. Bulletin of Earthquake Research Institute of the University of Tokyo, 43: 237-239.####Alavi, M., 1992. Thrust tectonics of the Binalood region, NE Iran. Tectonics, 11(2): 360-370.####Alavi, M., 1996. Tectonostratigraphic synthesis and structural style of the Alborz mountain system in northern Iran. Journal of Geodynamics, 21(1): 1-33.####Allen, C., Amand, P., Richter C., Nordquist J., 1965. Relation between seismicity and geological##structure in the southern California region. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 55:##752-797.####Ambraseys, N., Melville, C., 1982. A History of Persian Earthquakes. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U. K.####Aron, A., Hardebeck, J., 2009. Seismicity rate changes along the central California coast due to stress changes from the 2003 M 6.5 San Simeon and 2004 M 6.0 Parkfield earthquakes. Bulletin of the  Seismological Society of America, 99: 2280-2292.####Bender, B., 1983. Maximum-likelihood estimation of b values for magnitude grouped data. Bulletin of 38 Nedaei &amp; Alizadeh the Seismological Society of America, 73: 831-851.####Berberian, M., 1981. Active faulting and tectonics of Iran. In: Gupta, H. and Delany, F. (Eds), Zagros- Hindu Kush-Himalaya Geodynamic Evolution, Geodynamic Series, Chapter 3, American##Geophysical Union, pp. 33-69.####Berberian, M., King, G., 1981. Towards a palaeogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 18: 210-265.####Berberian, M., Yeats, R., 1999. Patterns of historical earthquake rupture in the Iranian Plateau. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 89: 120 - 139.####Berberian, M., Yeats, R., 2001. Contribution of archaeological data to studies of earthquake history in the Iranian Plateau. Journal of Structural Geology, 23: 563 - 584.####Bufe, C.G., 1970. Frequency-magnitude variations during the 1970 Danville earthquake swarm.##Earthquake Notes, 41: 3-6.####Carey-Gailhardis, E., Mercier, J.-L., 1987. A numerical method for determining the state of stress using focal mechanism of earthquake populations: application to Tibetan teleseisms and microseismicity of southern Peru. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 82: 165-179.####Catalli, F., Chan, C., 2012. New insights into the application of the Coulomb model in real-time.##Geophysical Journal International, 188(2): 583-599.####Catalli, F., Meier, M., Wiemer, S., 2013. The role of Coulomb stress changes for injection-induced seismicity: the Basel enhanced geothermal system. Geophysical Research Letters, 40: 72-77.####Darvishzadeh, A., 1991. Geology of Iran. Neda Publication, Tehran, Iran, 901pp. (in Persian).####Das, S., Scholz, C. H., 1981. Off-fault aftershock clusters caused by shear stress increase. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 71: 1669-1675.####DeMets, C., Gordon, R. G., Argus, D. F., Stein, S., 1994. Effect of recent revisions to the geomagnetic reversal timescale on estimates of current plate motions. Geophysical Research Letters, 21(20): 2191- 2194.####Deng, J., Sykes, L.R., 1997. Stress evolution in southern California and triggering of moderate, small, and micro-size earthquakes. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102: 24411-24435.####England, P., Jackson, J., 1989. Active deformation of the continents. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science, 17: 197-226.####Gibowicz, S.J., 1973. Variation of the frequency-magnitude relation during earthquake sequences in New Zealand. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 63: 517-528.####Görgün, E., Zang, A., Bohnhoff, M., Milkereit, C., Dresen, G., 2009. Analysis of Izmit aftershocks 25 days before the November 12th 1999 Düzce earthquake, Turkey. Tectonophysics, 474 (3-4): 507-515.####Guest, B., Axen, G., Lam, P., Hassanzadeh, J., 2006. Late Cenozoic shortening in the west‐central Alborz Mountains, northern Iran, by combined conjugate strike‐slip and thin‐skinned deformation, Geosphere, 2(1): 35-52.####Gutenberg, B., Richter, C.F., 1944. Frequency of earthquakes in California. Bulletin of the##Seismological Society of America, 34: 185-188.####Haji Aghajany, S., Pirooznia, M., Raoofian Naeeni, M., Amerian, Y., 2020. Combination of Artificial Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm to Inverse Source Parameters of Sefid-Sang Earthquake Using InSAR Technique and Analytical Model Conjunction. Journal of the Earth and Space Physics, 45(4): 121-131.####Hainzl, S., Moradpour, J., Davidsen, J., 2014. 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						</REFRENCE>
					</REFRENCES>
			</ARTICLE>
				<ARTICLE>
                <LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
				<TitleF>-</TitleF>
				<TitleE>Petrological analysis of the pyroclastic and volcanic rocks in northern Urmia-Dokhtar, northwestern Mahneshan, NW Iran</TitleE>
                <URL>https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_76634.html</URL>
                <DOI>10.22059/geope.2020.296886.648529</DOI>
                <DOR></DOR>
				<ABSTRACTS>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>The study area is part of the northern Urmia-Dokhtar Magmatic Belt. The northern part of this belt consists of andesite, basalt and acidic tuff. There are hyaloclastites with a distinctive bedding only in the northwestern Mahneshan area and northern Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic belt. In this region volcanism began during the Oligocene time with extremely strong hyaloclastite eruptions, and then with a stop, the volcanism continued with exceptionally extensive acidic tuff eruptions, and eventually ended up with basaltic andesite lava eruptions in the late Miocene. Field, mineralogical and petrographic studies on the major and minor minerals of the volcanic and sedimentary rocks indicate that three phases of volcanism occurred in this area. These three phases are: hyaloclastites, acidic tuffs and volcanic Lavas. hyaloclastites (Phase 1), are often composed of andesite and quartz-andesite to dacite. The highly extensive phase 2 consists of acidic tuffs interbedded with limestone. According to the fossil content and the 87Sr/86Sr age determination, this phase formed during the Chattian to Aquitanian ages. Phase 3 includes andesite-basalt, andesite and sometimes quartz-andesite. Based on the geochemical diagrams all three phases are located within the calc-alkaline field, indicating the subduction of an oceanic crust under the continental crust.</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>0</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>-</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
				</ABSTRACTS>
				<PAGES>
					<PAGE>
						<FPAGE>43</FPAGE>
						<TPAGE>60</TPAGE>
					</PAGE>
				</PAGES>
	
				<AUTHORS><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Mozhgan</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Salehi Yazdi</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Earth Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>mozhgansalehiyazdi@yahoo.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Mansour</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Ghorbani</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>m-ghorbani@sbu.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Nima</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Nezafati</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Earth Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Ireland</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>nezafati@srbiau.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Mansour</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Vossoughi Abedini</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Earth Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>m.vossoughi16@yahoo.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR></AUTHORS>
				<KEYWORDS></KEYWORDS>
				<REFRENCES>
				<REFRENCE>
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Petrology of volcanic and subvolcanic rocks in Kashan- Zefreh, Ph.D thesis, Shahid Beheshti University (In Persian). Le Bas., 1962. The role of aluminium in igneous clinopyroxenes with relation to their parentage. American Journal of Science, New Haven, 260: 267-288.####Lotfi, M., 2001. Geological map of the Mahneshan Quadrangle, Zanjan Province, Iran Geological Survey &amp; Mineral Explorations Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-5563, Scale1: 100000 (In Persian).####Mehrabi, B., Yardley, B., Cann, J., 1999. Sediment-hosted disseminated gold mineralisation at##Zarshuran, NW Iran, Mineralium Deposita, 34: 673-696.####Middlemost, E., 1985. Magmas and magmatic rocks. ed. London, Longman press, 266p.####Morimoto, N., 1989. Nomenclature of pyroxenes, Mineralogical Journal, 14: 198-221.####Pearce, J.A., Cann, J.R., 1973. Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses, Earth and planetary science letters, 19: 290-300.####Muller, D., Rock NMS., Groves DI., 1992. Geochemical discrimina-tion between shoshonitic and##potassic volcanic rocks in different tectonic setting: a pilot study. Mineralogy and Petrology, 46:##259–286.####Ojaghi, B., Hoseini, M., 2005. Review of Gold genesis, Tuzlar deposite, Nw of Mahneshan, 21st##Iranian Symposium of Earth Science, Iran. Tehran.####Peccerillo, A., Taylor, S., 1976. Geochemistry of Eocene calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from the##Kastamonu area, northern Turkey, Contributions to mineralogy and petrology, 58: 63-81.####Pin, C., Briot, D., Bassin, C., Poitrasson, F., 1994. Concomitant separation of strontium and samariumneodymium for isotopic analysis in silicate samples, based on specific extraction chromatography, Analytica Chimica Acta, 298: 209-217.####Putirka, K.D., 2008. Thermometers and Barometers for Volcanic Systems. Reviews in Mineralogy &amp; Geochemistry, 69: 61-120.####Shand, S.J., 1943. The eruptive rocks. 2nd edition, John Wiley. New York, 444 p.####Soesoo, A., 1997. A multivariate statistical analysis of clinopyroxene composition: Empirical##coordinates for the crystallisation PT‐estimations, GFF, 119: 55-60.####Stocklin, J., 1968. Structural history and tectonics of Iran: a review, Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, USA, 52: 1229-1258.####Sun, S. S., McDonough, W. F., 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes. In: Saunders A D, Norry M J, eds. Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. GeolSoc London Special publication, 42: 313–345####</REF>
						</REFRENCE>
					</REFRENCES>
			</ARTICLE>
				<ARTICLE>
                <LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
				<TitleF>-</TitleF>
				<TitleE>Development of the Haraz Road geotourism as a key to increasing tourism industry and promoting geoconservation</TitleE>
                <URL>https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_77005.html</URL>
                <DOI>10.22059/geope.2020.300063.648542</DOI>
                <DOR></DOR>
				<ABSTRACTS>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT> The purpose of this research is to introduce road tourist attractions. Geotrial attractions of Haraz Road (Haraz Valley), located in the Alborz Mountain, are presented in this article. The Haraz Road (Road 77) is one of the most beautiful roads in the world that connects the capital of Iran (Tehran) to Mazandaran province. In this research, the geodiversity attractions of the area outside the urban context, in the Jajrud Neck to the Filband zone have been investigated. There are 17 stops along the road. The basis of this research has been the transfer of knowledge and experience of over 20 years of field visits to this road. This research was conducted due to the various interests in the Haraz road, such as geodiversity, cultural, historical, religious, and ecological attractions. The most attractive tourist sites along the Haraz road include Lar plain, Qal&#039;e Dokhtar, Shahandasht waterfalls, Imamzadeh Hashem, Damavand peak Gol-e Zard cave, Damavand Icy waterfall, Basaltic prisms, kafer-Keli crypts, and Shahi Bridge. This road is the cheapest road geotourism option for middle to low-income people.</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>0</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>ه</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
				</ABSTRACTS>
				<PAGES>
					<PAGE>
						<FPAGE>61</FPAGE>
						<TPAGE>79</TPAGE>
					</PAGE>
				</PAGES>
	
				<AUTHORS><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Mohsen</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Ranjbaran</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>School of Geology, Colleges of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>m.ranjbaran@ut.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Farzad</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Sotohian</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Faculty of Natural  Resources, Department: Environmental Science Department,  University of Guilan, 
Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>farzad_sotohian@yahoo.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR></AUTHORS>
				<KEYWORDS></KEYWORDS>
				<REFRENCES>
				<REFRENCE>
				<REF>Allenbach, P., 1970. Geology and Petrography of Damavand and its environment (Central Alborz) Iran. Geopersia 2021, 11(1): 61-79 77Geological Survey of Iran Report, No. 17.####Allenbach, P., Steiger, R., 1972. Central Alborz geological map (1:100,000), Geological Survey of Iran.####Amini, S., Bolourian, G.H., 2005. Ash Turbidite and Submarine Fans in Karaj Formation. Geoscience, 12:146-153.####Amiri, M. J., Nohegar, A., Bouzari, S., 2018. Potential Assessment of Geomorphological Landforms of the Mountainous Highland Region, Haraz Watershed, Mazandaran, Iran, Using the Pralong Method. Pollution, 4(3): 381-394. doi: 10.22059/poll.2018.240018.302####Amrikazemi, A., 2002. Introducing Geotourism in Iran. In: 10th International Ecotourism Conference. Australia, Cairns.####Amrikazemi, A., 2004. Atlas of the Qeshm Geotourism, a look at the geological features of the Qeshm Island. Geological Survey of Iran.####Amrikazemi, A., 2009. Atlas of Geopark and Geotourism Resources of Iran. Geological Survey of Iran Publication, Tehran.####Amrikazemi, A., 2013. Geoheritage atlas of Iran. Geological Survey of Iran.####Amrikazemi, A., Mehrpooya A., 2006. Geotourism resources of Iran. In: Dowling, Newsome, D., (Eds.), Geotourism: sustainability, impacts and management. Elsevier, Butterworth, 78-92.####Ansari, M.R., 2013. Hydrochemistry of the Damavand Thermal springs, North of Iran. Life Science Journal, 10:866- 873.####Assereto, R., 1966. Geological map of upper Djadjerud and Lar valleys (central Elburz, Iran), 1:50.000, with explanatory notes. Pubblicazione Istituto di Geologia dell’Università di Milano, 232, 86 p.####Bartuś, T., 2015. Geotourist maps of the Sudetic Geostrada Trail as a new form of popularization of geotourism in the Sudety Mts. Geotourism, 1-2 (40-41) 2015: 3-18.doi.org/10.7494/geotour.2015.40-41.3.####Beigi, H., Beigi, M., 2016. Geotourism route (geotrial) Road 77. P.1-7. The 5th National Conference on Sustainable Development in Geography and Planning, Architecture and Urban Science. (In Persian).####Berzins, R., Davidson, J., Hassanzadeh, J., Stockli D.F., Bashukooh, B., Turrin, B., Pandamouz, A., Stockli, D. F., 2001. Damavand Volcano, Northern Iran: Morphology and Sedimentary Record. GSA Annual Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts.####Cowie , J.W., Wimbledon W.A.P., 1994. The World Heritage list and its relevance to geology. In: O’Halloran, D., Green, C., Harley, M., Stanley, M., Knill, J., (Eds.), Geological and Landscape##Conservation. Geological Society of London, 71-73.####Darvishzadeh, A., Moradi, M., 1997. Fall differentiation in pyroclastic fall deposits of Damavand##Volcano. Journal of Science, 23, 31-46. (in Persian with English abstract).####Davidson, J., Hassanzadeh, J., Stockli, D.F., Bashukooh, B., Turrin, B., Pandamouz, A., 2004. The geology of Damavand volcano, Alborz Mountains, northern Iran. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 116, 16-29.####Dowling, R.K., 2010. Geotourism’s global growth. Geoheritage, 3:1-13. doi:.1007/s12371-010-##0024-7. Dowling, R.K., Newsome, D., 2006. Geotourism. Elsevier, Oxford.####Dzulkafli, M.A., Sulaiman, N., Azmi, A., Mohamed, K.R., Ail, C.A., 2019. The Present-day Landscape of Bukit Keluang Formation: Geoheritage Potential for Conservation and Geotourism. Sains Malaysiana 48 (11): 2583-2593. .doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4811-28####Egresi, I., Bayram, B., Kara, F., Kesik, O. A., 2012. Unlocking the potential of religious tourism in Turkey .GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites, 1(9): 63-80.####Ehteshami-Moinabadi., M., Nasiri, S., 2017. Geometrical and structural setting of landslide dams of the Central Alborz: a link between earthquakes and landslide damming. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment. doi 10.1007/s10064-017-1021-8.####Emami, M.H., 1992. Damavand Volcano and its probable activity, Phase (1): Petrogenesis and##magmatic evolution of Damavand volcano, international Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (HEES), Publication no, 4, 71-92 (in Persian with English abstract).####Errami, E., Ennih, N., Choukri, A., Enniouar, A., Lagnaoui, A., 2013. The first geotrail in the Doukkala- Abda aspiring geopark (Morocco): a tool for local sustainable socio-economic development. 12th European Geoparks Conference Proceedings, 51 - 54.####Feiznia, S., 1990. Different types of rock balls and their genesis from the Karaj formation (middle Eocene) in Central Alborz, of northern Iran, Journal of. Science Islamic Republic of Iran, 1(4):294- 78 Ranjbaran &amp; Sotohian 302.####Ferrigno, J.G., 1991. Glaciers of the Middle East and Africa - Glaciers of Iran, in Williams, R.S., and Ferrigno, J.G., (Eds.), Glaciers of the Middle East and Africa.####Ginting, N., Siregar, N., 2018. 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Geological Classification of Proposed##Geothermal Areas of Iran. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, 1-12.####Kubalíková, L., 2013. Geomorphosite assessment for geotourism purposes. Czech Journal of Tourism, 2(2): 80-104. doi:10.2478/cjot-2013-0005.####Lü, Y., Chen, L., 2017. Upper crustal P-wave velocity structure beneath two volcanic areas in northern ئIran. Science China Earth Sciences. 60(4): 786-795.####Majidinia, R., 2012. Petrology and geochemistry of the lavas in Plour area and their flow mechanism. MSc. Thesis, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, 95p. (in Persian with English abstract).####McKeever, P., Zouros, N., 2005. Geoparks: Celebrating Earth heritage, sustaining local communities:Episodes, 28(4): 274-278.####McKeever, P.J., Zouros, N., Patzak, M., 2010. The UNESCO Global Network of National Geoparks: The George Wright Forum, 27(1):14-18.####Moradi, M., 1996. 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Pitagora Editrice, Bologna, 350 pp.####Panizza, M., Piacente, S., 2013. Geomorphosites and geotourism. Revista Geografia, 2(1): 5-9.##Pelfini, M., Bollati, I., 2014. Landforms and geomorphosites ongoing changes: concepts and##implications for geoheritage promotion. Quaestiones Geographicae, 33(1): 131-143.####Rahmani Javanmard, S., Tutti, F., Omidian, S., Ranjbaran, M., 2012. Mineralogy and stable isotope geochemistry of the Ab Ask travertines in Damavand geothermal field, Northeast Tehran, Iran. Central European Geology, 55: 187-212.####Reynard, E., Fontana, G., Kozlik, L., Scapozza, C., 2007. A method for assessing scientific and##additional values of geomorphosites. Geographica Helvetica, 62(3):148-158.####Robinson, A., 2016. Geotourism and Geoparks, Pathway for future development in Australia, AESC. In: international Conference on UNESCO Global Geoparks, 36.####Saeedeh Eskandari, S., 2013.Assessment of Ecotourism Potential of Urban Forest Parks Based on Effective Factors in Outdoor Recreation, A Case Study: Sorkhe Hesar Forest Park Saeedeh Eskandari and Jafar Oladi Ghadikolaei.World Applied Sciences Journal ,27 (8): 950-960. doi:##10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.27.08.2282. Geopersia 2021, 11(1): 61-79 79####Saini, J., R. Kaur, R., Sharma, P.K., 2017. Metagenomic Insights into Microbial diversity and Metabolic Potential of Hot Spring Ecosystem. In: Kalia, V.C., Shouche, Y., Purohit, H.J., Rahi, P., et al. (Eds.), Mining of Microbial Wealth and MetaGenomics.doi: .1007/978-981-10-5708-3.####Shinde, K.A., 2010. Entrepreneurship and indigenous entrepreneurs in religious tourism in India. International Journal of Tourism Research, 12(5):523-535. doi: 10.1002/jtr.771.####Solaymani Azad, S., Ritz, J.-F., Abbassi, M., 2011. Left-Lateral Active Deformation along the Mosha- North Tehran fault (Iran): Morphotectonics and Paleo Seismological Investigations, Tectonophysics, 497:1-14.####Solleiro-Rebolledo, E., Sedov, S., Cabadas-Báez, H., 2015. Use of soils and palaeosols on volcanic materials to establish the duration of soil formation at different chronological scales. Quaternary International, 376: 5-18.####Solleiro-Rebolledo, E., Straubinger, M., Terhorst, B., Sedov, S., Ibarra, G., Sánchez-Alaniz, J.I.,##Solanes, M.C., Marmolejo, E., 2016. Paleosol s beneath a lava flow in the southern basin of Mexico: The effect of heat on the paleopedological record. Catena, 137,622-634. doi:##10.1016/j.catena.2014.12.002####Stöcklin, J., Setudehnia, A., 1991. Stratigraphic Lexicon of Iran. Geological Survey of Iran. Report No. 18.####Uromeihy, A., 2000. The Lar Dam; an example of infrastructural development in a geologically active karstic region journal of Asian Earth Sciences. Volume 18, Issue 1, February 2000, Pages 25-31. doi.org/10.1016/S1367-9120(99)00026-7.####Yazarlou, M., 2015. Thinking Relatively on Nature Concept with Creating “Modern Tourism Space” at Mazandaran through Tourism Approach. Current World Environment, 10(1):967-978.##doi.org/10.12944/CWE.10.Special-Issue1.116.####Zakeri, H., &amp; Habib, F., 2013b. Analyzing Factors Affecting Formation of Cultural Landscape in##Hormoz Island. Advances in Environmental Biology, 7(6): 988-998.####Zamani-Farahani, H., Henderson, J. C., 2010. Islamic Tourism and Managing Tourism Development in Islamic Societies: The Cases of Iran and Saudi Arabia, International Journal of Tourism Research, 12:79-89. doi.org/10.1002/jtr.741.####Zouros, C., N., 2007. Geomorphosite assessement and management in protected áreas of Greece, Case study of Lesvos Island. Coastal geomorphosites, Geographica Helvetica, Zurich, 62 (3): 169-180.####Zwoliński, Z., 2007. Methodology for determining landform geodiversity in Poland, IAG/AIG Regional Conference on Geomorphology, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, 25-29.####Zwoliński, Z., 2012. Geodiversity map of the Tatra National Park for geotourism. Quaestiones##Geographicae 31(1): 99-107.####</REF>
						</REFRENCE>
					</REFRENCES>
			</ARTICLE>
				<ARTICLE>
                <LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
				<TitleF>-</TitleF>
				<TitleE>Hydrochemistry and Stable Isotopes Characteristics of Groundwater in an Urban Aquifer, Southwest of Iran</TitleE>
                <URL>https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_77006.html</URL>
                <DOI>10.22059/geope.2020.294287.648520</DOI>
                <DOR></DOR>
				<ABSTRACTS>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>The effect of different recharge sources on the chemical evolution of an urban aquifer, Behbahan plain, southwest of Iran, has been studied using hydrogeochemistry and stable isotopes (18O and 2H). Groundwater samples were collected from 40 water wells in June 2017 and April 2018 as the dry and wet periods, respectively. The water samples were analyzed for the determination of major ions, nitrate, fluoride, and bromide for both periods and stable isotopes concentrations only for the dry period. The main hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater sources in the Behbahan plain were determined as natural groundwater recharge (R) and discharge (D) areas, Marun (M) and Bonehbasht (B) irrigation and drainage networks, contact with gypsum bedrock (G) of the Gachsaran formation, and waste water of Behbahan City (T). The hydrochemical maps of electrical conductivity, chloride, ionic ratios, stable isotopes, and nitrate concentrations was investigated to determine anomalous groundwater zones associated with urban sources of groundwater pollution. Characteristic bivariate composition diagrams and cluster analysis (CA) method were employed to identify the hydrochemical processes and to evaluate the recharge sources. Two major water types Ca–SO4 and Ca (Na)–SO4(Cl) were present in the Behbahan groundwater plain. The high concentrations of SO42–, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were reflected in moderate to high total dissolved solids (TDS) (about 3000 mg/l). The dominant hydrogeochemaical processes in the aquifer were the dissolution of gypsum and somewhat halite, dedolomitization, scant normal and reverse cation exchange, and mixing. The main sources of the nitrate pollution of groundwater were leaching of organic manure applied to cultivated areas as well as wastewater of Behbahan City. The minimum and maximum concentrations of nitrate in groundwater of the Behbahan plain were 5 to 105 mg/Land 5 to 150 mg/L in dry and wet periods, respectively. About one–third of groundwater samples in the Behbahan plain had NO3– concentrations above the drinking water standard (45 mg/L). Five distinct recharge sources were recognized for the Behbahan aquifers based on the characteristics of 2H and 18O isotopes. The hydrochemical characteristics and stable isotope indicators of the groundwater recharge sources are disturbed as a result of the mixing process.</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>0</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>-</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
				</ABSTRACTS>
				<PAGES>
					<PAGE>
						<FPAGE>81</FPAGE>
						<TPAGE>100</TPAGE>
					</PAGE>
				</PAGES>
	
				<AUTHORS><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Hassan</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Daneshian</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Golestan Blvd., Ahvaz, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>h.d6643@yahoo.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Nasrollaha</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Kalantari</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Golestan Blvd., Ahvaz, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>nkalantari@hotmail.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Farshad</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Alijani</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>f_alijani@sbu.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR></AUTHORS>
				<KEYWORDS></KEYWORDS>
				<REFRENCES>
				<REFRENCE>
				<REF>Akhavan, G., Dobaradaran, S., Borazjani, J.M., 2016. Data on fluoride concentration level in villages of Asara (Alborz, Iran) and daily fluoride intake based on drinking water consumption. Data in Brief, 9: 625-628.####Asadi, P., Hosseini, S.M., Ataie-Ashtiani, B., Simmons, C.T., 2017. Fuzzy vulnerability mapping of urban groundwater systems to nitrate contamination. Environmental Modelling &amp; Software, 96: 146- 157.####Baghal Asghari, F., Mohammadi, A.A., Aboosaedi, Z., Yaseri, M., Yousefi, M., 2017. Data on fluoride concentration levels in cold and warm season in rural area of Shout (West Azerbaijan, Iran). Data in Brief, 15: 528-531.####Barbieria, M., Boschetti, T., Petitta, M., Tallinid, M., 2005. Stable isotope (2H, 18O and 87Sr/86Sr) and hydrochemistry monitoring for groundwater hydrodynamics analysis in a karst aquifer (Gran Sasso, Central Italy). Applied Geochemistry, 20 (11): 2063-2081.####Battaleb-Looie, S., Moore, F., Malde, M. K., Jacks, G., 2013. Fluoride in groundwater, dates and wheat: Estimated exposure dose in the population of Bushehr, Iran. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 29(2): 94-99.####Bay, A., Ali, S., Ghezelsofla, M., Keramati, H., Moradi, B., Fakhri, Y., 2018. Dataset on noncarcinogenic risk via nitrate and nitrite in the groundwater of Divandarreh County, Kurdistan##province, Iran: A potential concern for drinking. Data in Brief, 20: 1822-1828.####Bero, N.J., Ruark, M.D., Lowery, B., 2016. Bromide and chloride tracer application to determine##sufficiency of plot size and well depth placement to capture preferential flow and solute leaching. Geoderma, 262: 94-100.####Biglari, H., Chavoshani, A., Javan, N., Mahvi, A.H., (2016). Geochemical study of groundwater##conditions with special emphasis on fluoride concentration, Iran. Desalin. 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						</REFRENCE>
					</REFRENCES>
			</ARTICLE>
				<ARTICLE>
                <LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
				<TitleF>-</TitleF>
				<TitleE>Influence of mechanical parameters and overburden pressure on the mechanical evolution of fault propagation folds: insights from 2D finite-element elastic-plastic models applied to the Ayegan anticline, central Alborz</TitleE>
                <URL>https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_77213.html</URL>
                <DOI>10.22059/geope.2020.297014.648530</DOI>
                <DOR></DOR>
				<ABSTRACTS>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>Fault-related folding, due to the variety of tectonic setting, seismic and economic importance, has always been of interest to geologists. In this study, we investigate the influence of different aspects of the mechanical parameters (Young&#039;s modulus, Poisson&#039;s ratio, dilation angle, and cohesion) and boundary conditions (overburden pressure) to determine the fault-propagation folding style and its mechanical evolution through the use of a series of 2D finite-element elastic-plastic models so that the use of inelastic relationships allows permanent strains to develop in response to the applied loads. All FE-models with the mechanical parameters reduced to 15%, except for Young’s modulus and overburden pressure, lead to lower half- wavelength and amplitude values concerning the reference model, and as these parameters are changed by 15% and 30% simultaneously to validate the results, the area reduction is dramatically increased. FE-model results show that area changes in fault propagation fold are as a function of mechanical stratigraphy, mechanical parameters, and overburden pressure. Area loss can also lead to a decrease in permeability through intergranular mechanisms. We apply these insights to the Ayegan anticline, central Alborz that generally show well-designed FE-modelling matched overall structural geometry in the kink-style kinematic model.</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>0</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>-</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
				</ABSTRACTS>
				<PAGES>
					<PAGE>
						<FPAGE>101</FPAGE>
						<TPAGE>114</TPAGE>
					</PAGE>
				</PAGES>
	
				<AUTHORS><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Anis</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Khalifeh- Soltani</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of sedimentary and oil basins, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti 
University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>a_khalifeh@sbu.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Seyed Ahmad</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Alavi</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of sedimentary and oil basins, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti 
University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>a-alavi@sbu.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Mohammad R.</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Ghassemi</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>ghassemi.m.r@gmail.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Mehdi</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Ganjiani</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Mechanical Engineering,University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>ganjiani@ut.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR></AUTHORS>
				<KEYWORDS></KEYWORDS>
				<REFRENCES>
				<REFRENCE>
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Mechanical evolution of##114 Khalife- Soltani et al. transpression zones affected by fault interactions: Insights from 3D elasto-plastic finite element models. Journal of Structural Geology, 106: 19-40.####Nabavi, S. T., Alavi, S. A., Mohammadi, S., Ghassemi, M.R., Frehner, M., 2017b. Analysis of##transpression within contractional fault steps using finite-element method. Journal of##Structural Geology, 96: 1-20.####Nabavi, S.T., Díaz-Azpiroz, M., Talbot, C.J., 2017a. Inclined transpression in the Neka Valley,##eastern Alborz, Iran. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 106: 1815-1840.####Ramsay J, Huber M, 1987. The techniques of modern structural geology, Fold and fractures.##Academic Press, London, 2: 1- 462.####Smart, K.J., Ferrill, D.A., Morris, A.P., McGinnis, R.N., 2012b. Geomechanical modelling of##stress and strain evolution during contractional fault-related folding. Tectonophysics, 576-##577: 171-196.####Stocklin, J., 1968. Structural History and Tectonic of Iran: A Review. American Association of##Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, USA, 52: 1229-1258.####Suppe, J., 1983. Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding. Am. J. Sci, 283: 684-721.####Suppe, J., Medwedeff, D.A., 1990. Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding.##Eclogae Geol. Helv, 83: 409-454.####Thebian, L., Najjar, S., Sadek, S., Mabsout, M., 2017. Numerical investigation of dip-slip fault##propagation effects on offshore seabed sediments. Engineering Geology, 237: 149- 167.####Vahdati- Daneshmand, F., 2001. Geological map of Marzan- Abad, Iran. Geological survey of##Iran, Scale 1: 100,000.####Vernant, P., Nilforoushan, F., Hatzfeld, D., Abbassi, M., Vigny, C., Masson, F., Nankali, H.,##Martinod, J., Ashtiani, M., Bayer, R., Tavakoli, F., and Chéry, J., 2004. Present-day crustal##deformation and plate kinematics in the Middle East constrained by GPS measurements in##Iran and northern Oman. Geophys. J. Int, 157: 381- 398.####Williams, G., Chapman, T., 1983. Strains developed in the hangingwalls of thrusts due to their##slip/propagation rate: a dislocation model. J. Struct. Geol, 5: 563-571.####Yassaghi, A. and Madanipour, S., 2008. Influence of a transverse basement fault on along-strike variations in the geometry of an inverted normal fault: Case study of the Mosha Fault,##Central Alborz Range, Iran. Journal of Structural Geology, 30: 1507-1519.####Yassaghi, A., Naeimi, A., 2011. Structural analysis of the Gachsar sub-zone in central Alborz##range; constrain for inversion tectonics followed by the range transverse faulting.##International journal of earth sciences, 100: 1237-1249.####Zanchi, A., Zanchetta, S., Berra, F., Mattei, M., Garzanti, E., Molyneux, S., Nawab, A., Sabouri,##J., 2009. The EoCimmerian (Late? Triassic) orogeny in north Iran. In: Brunet, M.F.,##Wilmsen, M., Granath, J.W. (Eds.), South Caspian to Central Iran Basins. Geological##Society, London, Special Publications, 312: 31-55.####</REF>
						</REFRENCE>
					</REFRENCES>
			</ARTICLE>
				<ARTICLE>
                <LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
				<TitleF>-</TitleF>
				<TitleE>Detection of rare earth element anomalies in Esfordi phosphate deposit of Central Iran, using geostatistical-fractal simulation</TitleE>
                <URL>https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_77352.html</URL>
                <DOI>10.22059/geope.2020.296123.648526</DOI>
                <DOR></DOR>
				<ABSTRACTS>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>This study is aimed to determine geochemical anomalies of rare earth elements (REEs) and provides a concentration distribution map for the Esfordi phosphate deposit (EPD), Bafq metallogenic province (BMP), Central Iran. With an average grade of 5519 ppm for REEs, the EPD is one of the prominent deposits of the region. In this research, sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) and concentration-area (C-A) fractal modeling are used to determine concentration anomalies and provide a ∑REEs concentration map based on surface data. The log-ratio matrix is used to investigate the mineralization processes, determining the relationships between the anomalies and the rock units, and validating the results of SGS fractal modeling. The results are indicating that the main anomaly has strong correlation with the apatite-iron, and in particular, with the apatite mineralization, which can be considered as an exploration guide. The results also confirm the efficiency of simultaneous application of fractal modeling and SGS simulation.</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>0</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>-</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
				</ABSTRACTS>
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						<FPAGE>115</FPAGE>
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				<AUTHORS><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Mojtaba</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Shamseddin Meigooni</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Earth Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>d3msme@gmail.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Mohammad</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Lotfi</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Geology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>m_lotfi_1014@yahoo.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Peyman</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Afzal</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Italy</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>peymanafzal@gmail.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Nima</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Nezafati</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Earth Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Italy</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>nima.nezafati@gmail.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Maryam</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Kargar Razi</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Chemistry, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>mkargarrazi@yahoo.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR></AUTHORS>
				<KEYWORDS></KEYWORDS>
				<REFRENCES>
				<REFRENCE>
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Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 3(1): 330-341.####Bonyadi, Z., Davidson, G.J., Mehrabi, B., Meffre, S., Ghazban, F., 2011. Significance of apatite REE depletion and monazite inclusions in the brecciated Se–Chahun iron oxide–apatite deposit, Bafq district, Iran: insights from paragenesis and geochemistry. Chemical Geology 281(3-4): 253-269.####Carranza, E.J.M., 2011. Analysis and mapping of geochemical anomalies using logratio-transformed stream sediment data with censored values. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 110(2): 167-185.####Carranza, E.J.M., 2017. Geochemical mineral exploration: should we use enrichment factors or logratios? Natural Resources Research 26(4): 411-428.####Carranza, E.J.M., Zuo, R., Cheng, Q., 2012. Fractal/multifractal modelling of geochemical exploration data. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 122: 1-3.####Chen, F., Chen, S., Peng, G. 2012. Using sequential gaussian simulation to assess geochemical anomaly areas of lead element. In: International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture. Springer, 69-76.####Cheng, Q., Agterberg, F., Ballantyne, S., 1994. The separation of geochemical anomalies from##background by fractal methods. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 51(2): 109-130.####Cheuiche Godoy, M., Dimitrakopoulos, R., Costa, J.F. 2001. Economic functions and geostatistical simulation applied to grade control. In: The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 591-599.####Daliran, F., 2002. Kiruna-type iron oxide-apatite ores and apatitites of the Bafq district, Iran, with an emphasis on the REE geochemistry of their apatites. Hydrothermal iron oxide copper gold and related deposits: a global perspective 2: 303-320.####Daneshvar Saein, L., Afzal, P., 2017. Correlation between Mo mineralization and faults using##geostatistical and fractal modeling in porphyry deposits of Kerman Magmatic Belt, SE Iran. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 181: 333-343.####David, M., 1970. Geostatistical ore reserve estimation, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1-283.##Davis, J.C., 2002. Statistics and data analysis in geology, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 1- 638.####Deutsch, C., 2002. Goestatistical reservoir modeling, Oxford University Press, New York, 1-371.##Deutsch, C.V., Journel, A.G., 1992. Geostatistical software library and user’s guide, Oxford University Press, New York, 1-340.####Dubrule, O., 2003. Geostatistics for seismic data integration in earth models, Society of Exploration Geophysicists and European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, Oklahoma, 1-283.####Emery, X., Lantuéjoul, C., 2006. Tbsim: A computer program for conditional simulation of threedimensional gaussian random fields via the turning bands method. Computers &amp; Geosciences 32(10): 1615-1628.####Farahmandfar, Z., Jafari, M., Afzal, P., Ashja Ardalan, A., 2020. Description of gold and copper##anomalies using fractal and stepwise factor analysis according to stream sediments in NW Iran.##Geopersia 10(1): 135-148.####Foerster, H., Jafarzadeh, A., 1994. The Bafq mining district in central Iran; a highly mineralized##Infracambrian volcanic field. Economic Geology 89(8): 1697-1721.####Gholampour, O., Hezarkhani, A., Maghsoudi, A., Mousavi, M., 2019. Delineation of alteration zones based on kriging, artificial neural networks, and concentration–volume fractal modelings in hypogene zone of Miduk porphyry copper deposit, SE Iran. Journal of Mining and Environment 10(3): 575-595.####Goncalves, M.A., Mateus, A., Oliveira, V., 2001. Geochemical anomaly separation by multifractal##modelling. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 72(2): 91-114.####Goovaerts, P., 1997. Geostatistics for natural resources evaluation, Oxford University Press, New York, Geopersia 2021, 11(1): 115-130 129 1-483.####Goovaerts, P., 2008. Kriging and semivariogram deconvolution in the presence of irregular geographical units. Mathematical Geosciences 40(1): 101-128.####Haghipour, A., 1964. Iron ore deposits in Central Iran, in relation to structural geology and##metamorphism, scapolitization and albitization. Journal of Iranian Petroleum Institute 76: 1-9.####Hajsadeghi, S., Asghari, O., Mirmohammadi, M., Afzal, P., Meshkani, S.A., 2017. Uncertainty-Volume fractal model for delineating copper mineralization controllers using geostatistical simulation in Nohkouhi volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Central Iran. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Dergisi (159): 1-10.####Hassanpour, S., Afzal, P., 2013. Application of concentration–number (C–N) multifractal modeling for geochemical anomaly separation in Haftcheshmeh porphyry system, NW Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 6(3): 957-970.####Hawkes, H.E., Webb, J.S., 1979. Geochemistry in mineral exploration, Academic Press, New York, 1- 657.####Jami, M. 2006. Geology, geochemistry and evolution of the Esfordi phosphate-iron deposit, Bafq area, Central Iran. In: University of New South Wales, Australia.####Jami, M., Dunlop, A.C., Cohen, D.R., 2007. Fluid inclusion and stable isotope study of the Esfordi apatite-magnetite deposit, Central Iran. Economic Geology 102(6): 1111-1128.####Jebeli, M., Afzal, P., Pourkermani, M., Jafari Rad, A., 2018. Correlation between rock types and Copper mineralization using fractal modeling in Kushk-e-Bahram deposit, Central Iran. Geopersia 8(1): 131-141.####Journel, A., 1980. The lognormal approach to predicting local distributions of selective mining unit grades. Journal of the International Association for Mathematical Geology 12(4): 285-303.####Journel, A.G., 1974. Geostatistics for conditional simulation of ore bodies. Economic Geology 69(5): 673-687.####Journel, A.G., Huijbregts, C.J., 1978. Mining geostatistics, Academic press, London, 1-600.####Kühn, C., Visser, J.K., 2014. Managing uncertainty in typical mining project studies. South African Journal of Industrial Engineering 25(2): 105-120.####Machuca-Mory, D.F., Deutsch, C.V., 2009. Sequential Gaussian and Indicator Simulation with##Location-Dependent Distributions and Statistics. Centre for Computational Geostatistics 11.##Madani Esfahani, N., Asghari, O., 2013. Fault detection in 3D by sequential Gaussian simulation of Rock Quality Designation (RQD). Arabian Journal of Geosciences 6(10): 3737-3747.####Manchuk, J.G. 2010. Geostatistical modeling of unstructured grids for flow simulation. In: University of Alberta, Canada. Mandelbrot, B.B., 1983. The fractal geometry of nature, WH freeman, New York, 1-468.####Mokhtari, M.A.A., 2015. Posht-e-Badam metallogenic block (central Iran): A suitable zone for REE mineralization. Central European Geology 58(3): 199-216.####Nas, B., 2009. Geostatistical Approach to Assessment of Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Quality. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 18(6): 1073–1082.####Navidi, A., Ziaii, M., Afzal, P., Yasrebi, A.B., Wetherelt, A., Foster, P., 2014. Determination of##chromites prospects using multifractal models and zonality index in the parang 1: 100000 sheet, Iran. Universal Journal of Geoscience 2(4): 133-139.####Nazarpour, A., Sadeghi, B., Sadeghi, M., 2015. Application of fractal models to characterization and evaluation of vertical distribution of geochemical data in Zarshuran gold deposit, NW Iran. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 148: 60-70.####Pardo-Igúzquiza, E., Atkinson, P.M., 2007. Modelling the semivariograms and cross-semivariograms required in downscaling cokriging by numerical convolution–deconvolution. Computers &amp; Geosciences 33(10): 1273-1284.####Queiroz, J.C.B., Sturaro, J.R., Riedel, P.S. 2001. Geostatistic Mapping of Arsenic, Manganese and Iron Contamination Risk in the Port of Santana, Amapa, Brazil. In: Annual Conf. of Int. Association for Mathematical Geology. Cancun, Mexico.####Rezaie, M., Afzal, P., 2016. The effect of estimation methods on fractal modelling for anomales&#039; detection in the Irankuh area, Central Iran. Geopersia 6(1): 105-116.####Shahsavar, S., Jafari Rad, A., Afzal, P., Nezafati, N., 2020. Selection of Optimum Fractal Model for Detection of Stream Sediments Anomalies. Geopersia, 10.22059/GEOPE.2020.293961.648516.####Shamseddin Meigoony, M., Afzal, P., Gholinejad, M., Yasrebi, A.B., Sadeghi, B., 2014. Delineation of geochemical anomalies using factor analysis and multifractal modeling based on stream sediments data in Sarajeh 1: 100,000 sheet, Central Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 7(12): 5333-5343.####Soltani, F., Afzal, P., Asghari, O., 2014. Delineation of alteration zones based on Sequential Gaussian Simulation and concentration–volume fractal modeling in the hypogene zone of Sungun copper deposit, NW Iran. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 140: 64-76.####Stosch, H.-G., Romer, R.L., Daliran, F., Rhede, D., 2011. Uranium–lead ages of apatite from iron oxide ores of the Bafq District, East-Central Iran. Mineralium Deposita 46(1): 9-21.####Taghipour, S., Kananian, A., Mackizadeh, M.A., K Somarin, A., 2015. Skarn mineral assemblages in the Esfordi iron oxide–apatite deposit, Bafq district, Central Iran. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 8(5): 2967-2981.####Torab, F., Lehmann, B., 2007. Magnetite-apatite deposits of the Bafq district, Central Iran: apatite geochemistry and monazite geochronology. Mineralogical Magazine 71(3): 347-363.####Torab, F.M. 2008. Geochemistry and metallogeny of magnetite apatite deposits of the Bafq mining district, Central Iran. In: Clausthal University of Technology, Germany.Wang, X.-q., 2003. Exploration geochemistry: Past achievements and future challenges. Earth Science##Frontiers 10(1): 239-248.####Webster, R., Oliver, M.A., 2007. Geostatistics for environmental scientists, John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York, 1-270.####Yasrebi, A.B. 2014. Determination of an Ultimate Pit Limit Utilising Fractal Modelling to Optimise NPV. In: University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.####Yasrebi, A.B., Hezarkhani, A., 2019. Resources classification using fractal modelling in Eastern Kahang Cu-Mo porphyry deposit, Central Iran. Iranian Journal of Earth Sciences 11(1): 56-67.####Yousefi, M., Kamkar-Rouhani, A., Carranza, E.J.M., 2012. Geochemical mineralization probability index (GMPI): a new approach to generate enhanced stream sediment geochemical evidential map for increasing probability of success in mineral potential mapping. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 115: 24-35.####Zuo, R., 2011a. Decomposing of mixed pattern of arsenic using fractal model in Gangdese belt, Tibet, China. Applied Geochemistry 26: 271-273.####Zuo, R., 2011b. Identifying geochemical anomalies associated with Cu and Pb–Zn skarn mineralization using principal component analysis and spectrum–area fractal modeling in the Gangdese Belt, Tibet (China). Journal of Geochemical Exploration 111(1-2): 13-22.####Zuo, R., Cheng, Q., Xia, Q., 2009. Application of fractal models to characterization of vertical##distribution of geochemical element concentration. Journal of Geochemical Exploration 102(1): 37-43.####Zuo, R., Wang, J., 2016. Fractal/multifractal modeling of geochemical data: A review. Journal of##Geochemical Exploration 164: 33-41.####Zuo, R., Xia, Q., 2009. Application fractal and multifractal methods to mapping prospectivity for##metamorphosed sedimentary iron deposits using stream sediment geochemical data in eastern Hebei province, China. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 73: A1540####</REF>
						</REFRENCE>
					</REFRENCES>
			</ARTICLE>
				<ARTICLE>
                <LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
				<TitleF>-</TitleF>
				<TitleE>Modeling of land subsidence due to groundwater overexploitation using elastoplastic Mohr-Coulomb model in Arak plain, Iran</TitleE>
                <URL>https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_77492.html</URL>
                <DOI>10.22059/geope.2020.294079.648519</DOI>
                <DOR></DOR>
				<ABSTRACTS>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>Land subsidence due to groundwater overexploitation has been considered among the natural hazardsfor the last decades. Accordingly, a growing global concern has been forwarded towards this issueregarding its measurement, prediction, and prevention. In addition to measurement techniques,mathematical and numerical methods could be used for subsidence modelling and its prediction viaappropriate software tools and modelling frameworks. As a part of the global trend, groundwateroverexploitation and the subsequent land subsidence has lately become a major environmental threat inIran. In this paper, the land subsidence across Arak plain, a relatively vast plain located in central Iran,caused by groundwater level drop is calculated using Mohr-Coulomb elastoplastic model, which is astructural soil modelling framework. Also, a modified finite element method is applied via PLAXIS 2Dcommercial software for acquiring further insight and verifying the results from the Mohr-Coulombmodel. Accordingly, five borehole stations were considered across the Arak plain, namely Gavkhaneh,Ebrahimabad, Safarabad, Amanabad, and MojedabadKohneh and the mentioned model is applied ateach borehole. It was revealed that the axial strain across the plain has reached extreme negative valueof -0.190 in 2014, which shows severe soil compaction. Also, the volumetric strain rate reached aminimum value of -0.083 in 2014. The acquired results from the applied Mohr-Coulomb model showeda subsidence average value of 26.6 cm for 17.85 m of groundwater level drop during 1991-2014. Also,the lowest aggregated subsidence value until 2014 was observed at Safarabad station being 0.2 cm, whileits maximum value was observed at Gavkhaneh station being 88.75 cm. These was a 9.20% of differencebetween the average value acquired by Mohr-Coulomb model and FEM, which, considering theuncertainty in measured input data verifies the reliability of the model. The research findings prove thecapability of the Mohr-Coulomb model in modelling land subsidence. </CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>0</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>-</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
				</ABSTRACTS>
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				<AUTHORS><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Mohammad Hossein</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Jahangir</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of environment and renewable energies, Faculty of new sciences &amp; technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>mh.jahangir@ut.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Zahra</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Kosravi</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of environment and renewable energies, Faculty of new sciences &amp; technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Ireland</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>zahra.khosravi@alumni.ut.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Hamid</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Sarrafha</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of environment and renewable energies, Faculty of new sciences &amp; technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Ireland</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>hamid.sarrafha@ut.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR></AUTHORS>
				<KEYWORDS></KEYWORDS>
				<REFRENCES>
				<REFRENCE>
				<REF>Abidin, Hasanuddin Z., Rochman Djaja, Dudy Darmawan, Samsul Hadi, Arifin Akbar, H.##Rajiyowiryono, Y. Sudibyo, I. Meilano, M. A. Kasuma, J. Kahar, and Cecep Subarya. 2001. “Land##Subsidence of Jakarta (Indonesia) and Its Geodetic Monitoring System.” Natural Hazards 23(2-##3):365-87.####Alipour, S., M. Motgah, M. A. Sharifi, and T. R. Walter. 2008. “InSAR Time Series Investigation of Land Subsidence Due to Groundwater Overexploitation in Tehran, Iran.” Proceedings of the 2008 2nd Workshop on USE of Remote Sensing Techniques for Monitoring Volcanoes and Seismogenic Areas, USEReST 2008 (1):2-6.####Aly, M. H., H. A. Zebker, J. R. Giardino, and A. G. Klein. 2009. “Permanent Scatterer Investigation of Land Subsidence in Greater Cairo, Egypt.” Geophysical Journal International 178(3):1238-45.####Anderssohn, Jan, Hans Ulrich Wetzel, Thomas R. Walter, Mahdi Motagh, Yahya Djamour, and##Hermann Kaufmann. 2008. “Land Subsidence Pattern Controlled by Old Alpine Basement Faults in the Kashmar Valley, Northeast Iran: Results from InSAR and Levelling.” Geophysical Journal##International 174(1):287-94.####Buckley, Sean M., Paul A. Rosen, Scott Hensley, and Byron D. Tapley. 2003. “Land Subsidence in Houston, Texas, Measured by Radar Interferometry and Constrained by Extensometers.” Journal of Geophysical Research 108(B11):2542.####Calderhead, A. I., R. Therrien, A. Rivera, R. Martel, and J. Garfias. 2011. “Simulating Pumping-Induced Regional Land Subsidence with the Use of InSAR and Field Data in the Toluca Valley, Mexico.” Advances in Water Resources 34(1):83-97.####Carnec, C., and H. Fabriol. 1999. “Monitoring and Modeling Land Subsidence at the Cerro Prieto##Geothermal Field, Baja California, Mexico, Using SAR Interferometry.” Geophysical Research##Letters 26(9):1211-14.####Chai, J. C., S. L. Shen, H. H. Zhu, and X. L. Zhang. 2004. “Land Subsidence Due to Groundwater Drawdown in Shanghai.” Géotechnique 54(2):143-47.####Chaussard, Estelle, Shimon Wdowinski, Enrique Cabral-Cano, and Falk Amelung. 2014. “Land##Subsidence in Central Mexico Detected by ALOS InSAR Time-Series.” Remote Sensing of##Environment 140:94-106. Conway, Brian D. 2015. “Land Subsidence and Earth Fissures in South-Central and Southern Arizona, USA.” Hydrogeology Journal 24(3):649-55.####Dehghani, Maryam, and Mohammad Reza Nikoo. 2019. “Monitoring and Management of Land##Subsidence Induced by Over-Exploitation of Groundwater.” Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research 48:271-96.####Dehghani, Maryam, Mohammad Javad Valadan Zoej, Iman Entezam, Ali Mansourian, and Sassan Saatchi. 2009. “InSAR Monitoring of Progressive Land Subsidence in Neyshabour, Northeast Iran.” Geophysical Journal International 178(1):47-56.####Dehghani, Maryam, Mohammad Javad Valadan Zoej, Andrew Hooper, Ramon F. Hanssen, Iman##Entezam, and Sassan Saatchi. 2013. “Hybrid Conventional and Persistent Scatterer SAR##Interferometry for Land Subsidence Monitoring in the Tehran Basin, Iran.” ISPRS Journal of##Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 79:157-70.####Fielding, Eric J., Ronald G. Blom, and Richard M. Goldstein. 1998. “Rapid Subsidence over Oil Fields Measured by SAR Interferometry.” Geophysical Research Letters 25(17):3215-18.####Galloway, Devin L., and Thomas J. Burbey. 2011. “Review: Regional Land Subsidence Accompanying Groundwater Extraction.” Hydrogeology Journal 19(8):1459-86.####Gambolati, G., and P. Teatini. 2015. “Geomechanics of Subsurface Water Withdrawal and Injection.” Water Resources Research 51(6):3922-55.####Gambolati, Giuseppe, Pietro Teatini, Lucio Tomasi, and Marco Gonella. 1999. “Coastline Regression of the Romagna Region, Italy, Due to Natural and Anthropogenic Land Subsidence and Sea Level Rise.” Water Resources Research 35(1):163-84.####Ghorbanzadeh, Omid, Hashem Rostamzadeh, Thomas Blaschke, Khalil Gholaminia, and Jagannath Aryal. 2018. “A New GIS-Based Data Mining Technique Using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and k-Fold Cross-Validation Approach for Land Subsidence Susceptibility Mapping.” Natural Hazards 94(2):497-517.####Higgins, Stephanie, Irina Overeem, Akiko Tanaka, and James P. M. Syvitski. 2013. “Land Subsidence at Aquaculture Facilities in the Yellow River Delta, China.” Geophysical Research Letters 40(15):3898-3902.####Hu, R. L., Z. Q. Yue, L. C. Wang, and S. J. 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Mariño. 2001. “Prediction of Optimal Safe Ground Water Yield and Land Subsidence in the Los Banos-Kettleman City Area, California, Using a Calibrated##Numerical Simulation Model.” Journal of Hydrology 242(1-2):79-102.####Li, Changjiang, Xiaoming Tang, and Tuhua Ma. 2006. “Land Subsidence Caused by Groundwater Exploitation in the Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou Plain, China.” Hydrogeology Journal 14(8):1652-65.####Li, Chao, and Shao Feng Liu. 2014. “Cretaceous Anomalous Subsidence and Its Response to Dynamic Topography in the Songliao Basin, Northeast China.” Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 109:86-99.####Lubis, Ashar Muda, Toshinori Sato, Nobuhiro Tomiyama, Nobuhiro Isezaki, and Tsutomu##Yamanokuchi. 2011. “Ground Subsidence in Semarang-Indonesia Investigated by ALOS-PALSAR Satellite SAR Interferometry.” Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 40(5):1079-88.####Mahmoudpour, Masoud, Mashalah Khamehchiyan, Mohammad Reza Nikudel, and Mohammad Reza Ghassemi. 2016. “Numerical Simulation and Prediction of Regional Land Subsidence Caused by Groundwater Exploitation in the Southwest Plain of Tehran, Iran.” Engineering Geology 201(2016):6-28.####Marfai, Muh Aris, and Lorenz King. 2007. “Monitoring Land Subsidence in Semarang, Indonesia.” Environmental Geology 53(3):651-59.####Motagh, Mahdi, Yahya Djamour, Thomas R. Walter, Hans Ulrich Wetzel, Jochen Zschau, and Siavash Arabi. 2007. “Land Subsidence in Mashhad Valley, Northeast Iran: Results from InSAR, Levelling and GPS.” Geophysical Journal International 168(2):518-26.#3##Ortega-Guerrer, Adrian, David L. Rudolph, and John A. Cherry. 1999. “Analysis of Long-Term Land Subsidence near Mexico City: Field Investigations and Predictive Modeling.” Water Resources Research 35(11):3327-41.####Ortiz-Zamora, Dalia, and Adrian Ortega-Guerrero. 2010. “Evolution of Long-Term Land Subsidence near Mexico City: Review, Field Investigations, and Predictive Simulations.” Water Resources Research 46(1):1-15.####Phien-wej, N., P. H. Giao, and P. Nutalaya. 2006. “Land Subsidence in Bangkok, Thailand.”##Engineering Geology 82(4):187-201.####Rajabi, Ali M. 2018. “A Numerical Study on Land Subsidence Due to Extensive Overexploitation of Groundwater in Aliabad Plain, Qom-Iran.” Natural Hazards 93(2):1085-1103.####Sayyaf, M., M. Mahdavi, O. R. Barani, S. Feiznia, and B. Motamedvaziri. 2014. “Simulation of Land Subsidence Using Finite Element Method: Rafsanjan Plain Case Study.” Natural Hazards 72(2):309-22.####Shearer, T. R. 1998. “A Numerical Model to Calculate Land Subsidence, Applied at Hangu in China.” Engineering Geology 49(2):85-93.####Taravatrooy, Narges, Mohammad Reza Nikoo, Mojtaba Sadegh, and Mohammad Parvinnia. 2018. “A Hybrid Clustering-Fusion Methodology for Land Subsidence Estimation.” Natural Hazards 94(2):905-26.####Teatini, P., M. Ferronato, G. Gambolati, and M. Gonella. 2006. “Groundwater Pumping and Land##Subsidence in the Emilia-Romagna Coastland, Italy: Modeling the Past Occurrence and the Future Trend.” Water Resources Research 42(1):1-19.####Tung, Hsin, and Jyr Ching Hu. 2012. “Assessments of Serious Anthropogenic Land Subsidence in Yunlin County of Central Taiwan from 1996 to 1999 by Persistent Scatterers InSAR.”##Tectonophysics 578:126-35.####Wöppelmann, Guy, Gonéri Le Cozannet, Marcello De Michele, Daniel Raucoules, Anny Cazenave, Manuel Garcin, Susan Hanson, Marta Marcos, and Alvaro Santamaría-Gõmez. 2013. “Is Land Subsidence Increasing the Exposure to Sea Level Rise in Alexandria, Egypt?” Geophysical Research Letters 40(12):2953-57.####Wu, Ji Chun, Xiao Qing Shi, Shu Jun Ye, Yu Qun Xue, Yun Zhang, and Jun Yu. 2009. “Numerical##Simulation of Land Subsidence Induced by Groundwater Overexploitation in Su-Xi-Chang Area,##China.” Environmental Geology 57(6):1409-21.####Xu, Han, Xin-wen Wang, Dan-ping Yan, and Liang Qiu. 2018. “Journal of Asian Earth Sciences##Subsidence Transition during the Post-Rift Stage of the Dongpu Sag , Bohai Bay Basin , NE China :####A New Geodynamic Model.” Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 158(March):186-99.####Yang, Yong, Xian Fang Song, Fan Dong Zheng, Li Cai Liu, and Xiao Juan Qiao. 2015. “Simulation of Fully Coupled Finite Element Analysis of Nonlinear Hydraulic Properties in Land Subsidence Due to Groundwater Pumping.” Environmental Earth Sciences 73(8):4191-99.####Ye, Shujun, Yue Luo, Jichun Wu, Xuexin Yan, Hanmei Wang, Xun Jiao, and Pietro Teatini. 2016. “Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Land Subsidence in Shanghai, China.” Hydrogeology Geopersia 2021, 11(1): 131-151 151 Journal 24(3):695-709.####Zhang, Yun, Jun Yu, Xulong Gong, Jichun Wu, and Zhecheng Wang. 2018. “Pumping-Induced Stress and Strain in Aquifer Systems in Wuxi, China.” Hydrogeology Journal 26(3):771-87.####Zhou, Nianqing, Pieter A. Vermeer, Rongxiang Lou, Yiqun Tang, and Simin Jiang. 2010. “Numerical Simulation of Deep Foundation Pit Dewatering and Optimization of Controlling Land Subsidence.” Engineering Geology 114(3-4):251-60.####Zhu, Lin, Huili Gong, Xiaojuan Li, Rong Wang, Beibei Chen, Zhenxue Dai, and Pietro Teatini. 2015. “Land Subsidence Due to Groundwater Withdrawal in the Northern Beijing Plain, China.”##Engineering Geology 193:243-55.####</REF>
						</REFRENCE>
					</REFRENCES>
			</ARTICLE>
				<ARTICLE>
                <LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
				<TitleF>-</TitleF>
				<TitleE>Reservoir lithofacies modeling using well logs and seismic data based on Sequential Indicator Simulations and Probability Perturbation Method in a Bayesian framework</TitleE>
                <URL>https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_77781.html</URL>
                <DOI>10.22059/geope.2020.301568.648549</DOI>
                <DOR></DOR>
				<ABSTRACTS>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>In this paper, an inverse framework based on Bayes’ theorem is suggested for integrating well logs and seismic data into reservoir lithofacies modeling process. The proposed method is based on combination of the Sequential Indicator Simulation (SIS), and a stochastic optimization method (i.e. Probability Perturbation Method (PPM)). SIS is used to calculate the conditional probability of presence/absence of lithofacies indicators in each grid-block, and PPM is applied to update (perturb) the conditional probability used in SIS. A notable innovation presented in this study is using the Genetic algorithm’ crossover operator to increase the PPM exploitation capability. To demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed approach, the results of its application on a 3D test model is compared with outcomes of two commonly-used constraining approaches on SIS. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the obtained results on 3D test model reveals a (23.8)% and (16.98)% (on average) improvement in consistency of lithofacies models generated using the proposed approach with the reference lithofacies model over the employed Vertical Probability Trend and Seismic Probability Trend constraining approaches on SIS, respectively. Besides, the obtained results show that implementing crossover operator leads to a 4.56% improvement in matching of the constructed lithofacies models with the reference model.</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>0</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>-</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
				</ABSTRACTS>
				<PAGES>
					<PAGE>
						<FPAGE>153</FPAGE>
						<TPAGE>168</TPAGE>
					</PAGE>
				</PAGES>
	
				<AUTHORS><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Mohamadreza</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Shad Salanghouch</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Institute of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>mohamadrezashad@ut.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Mohammad</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Emami Niri</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Institute of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>emami.m@ut.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR></AUTHORS>
				<KEYWORDS></KEYWORDS>
				<REFRENCES>
				<REFRENCE>
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Lithofacies modeling by multipoint##statistics and economic evaluation by NPV volume for the early Cretaceous Wabiskaw Member in Athabasca oilsands area, Canada. Geoscience Frontiers, 9(2): 441-451.####Koneshloo, M., Aryana, S.A., Grana, D., Pierre, J.W., 2017. A workflow for static reservoir modeling guided by seismic data in a fluvial system. Mathematical Geosciences, 49(8), pp.995-1020.####Mavko, G., Mukerji, T., 1998. A rock physics strategy for quantifying uncertainty in common##hydrocarbon indicators. Geophysics, 63(6): 1997-2008.####Mavko, G., Mukerji, T. and Dvorkin, J., 1998. The rock physics handbook: Tools for seismic analysis in porous media: University of Cambridge.####Mondol, N.H., 2010. Seismic exploration. In Petroleum Geoscience (pp. 375-402). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.####Nur, A., Mavko, G., Dvorkin, J., Galmudi, D., 1998. Critical porosity: A key to relating physical##properties to porosity in rocks. 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Reservoir characterization and production optimization using the ensemble-based optimization method and multi-layer capacitance-resistive models. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 156: 633-653.####</REF>
						</REFRENCE>
					</REFRENCES>
			</ARTICLE>
				<ARTICLE>
                <LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
				<TitleF>-</TitleF>
				<TitleE>The Sedimentological Record of Upper Holocene Tsunami Event in Fengbin, Taiwan</TitleE>
                <URL>https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_77887.html</URL>
                <DOI>10.22059/geope.2020.301603.648548</DOI>
                <DOR></DOR>
				<ABSTRACTS>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>A tsunami had struck the Ami tribe’s settlement on the eastern coast of Taiwan in 1771. The trigger of this tsunami is still debatable. Hence, the analysis of tsunami deposits in Fengbin is needed to understand the chronology of the tsunami. There are three types of sediment samples taken from the study area, namely modern beach sand, modern fluvial sand, and sediment materials from the marine terrace. Sample analysis was carried out using the point counting, granulometry, biozonation, and paleo-bathymetry methods to determine the facies, provenance, and sediment transport mechanisms. The results of field observation indicate the presence of marine shells on the sediment deposit of marine terraces at elevations between 10.5-12.5 m. The thickness of this deposit is between 15-20 cm in the fining upward succession and there is a rip-up clast sedimentary structure. The characteristic of this deposit is similar to tsunami deposits found on the Ishigaki and Miyako Islands, Japan. The conclusion of this study is that there is a tsunami deposit in Fengbin associated with the tsunami deposits found in Miyako and Ishigaki Islands, Japan. The trigger of the tsunami in Fengbin probably attributed to tectonic activity in the Ryukyu Trench.</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>0</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>-</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
				</ABSTRACTS>
				<PAGES>
					<PAGE>
						<FPAGE>169</FPAGE>
						<TPAGE>203</TPAGE>
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				</PAGES>
	
				<AUTHORS><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>FX ANJAR</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>LAKSONO</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Geological Engineering, Jenderal Soedirman University, Kalimanah, Purbalingga,
Indonesia</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Indonesia</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>anjar.trilaksono@unsoed.ac.id</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Louis Loung</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Tsai</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Graduate Institute of Applied Geology, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwa</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Taiwan</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>ltsai@geo.ncu.edu.tw</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Jessica</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Pilarczyk</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Earth Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. Canada</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Canada</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>jessica_pilarczyk@sfu.ca</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR></AUTHORS>
				<KEYWORDS></KEYWORDS>
				<REFRENCES>
				<REFRENCE>
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Pliocene to Pleistocene biostratigraphical study in the Taiyuan area, Coastal Range, eastern Taiwan. Unpublished master thesis, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.####Chen, C.S., Chen, W.C., Tao, W.K., 2004. Characteristics of heavy summer rainfall in southwestern##Taiwan in relation to orographic effects. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 82: 1521-1543 .####Chen, H.F., 1984. Crustal uplift and subsidence in Taiwan: an account based upon retriangulation results. Central Geological Survey of Taiwan, 3: 129-140.####Chen, W.S., Huang, M.T., Liu, T.K., 1991. Neotectonic significance of the Chimei fault in the Coastal Range, eastern Taiwan. Proceedings of the Geological Society of China, 34: 43-56.####Chen, W.S., Wang, Y., 1997. Geological map of Fengbin, scale 1/50,000. Central Geological Survey, Ministry of Economic Affairs, Taiwan .####Chen, Y.G., Liu, T.K., 1996. Sea-level changes in the last several thousand years, Penghu Islands, Taiwan Strait. 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Petrography of Neogene sandstones from the Coastal Range of eastern Taiwan, Response to arc-continent collision: Petrography of Neogene sandstones from the Coastal Range of eastern Taiwan. Petroleum Geology of Taiwan, 21: 187-216.####Dorsey, R.J., 1992. Collapse of the Luzon volcanic arc during onset of arc-continent collision: evidence from a Miocene-Pliocene uncomformity, eastern Taiwan. Tectonics, 11: 177-191.####Ernst, W.G., 1983. Mountain-building and metamorphism: a case history from Taiwan. Academic Press, London, 247-256.####Falade, F., Ikponmwosa, E.E., Ojediran, N.I., 2010. Behaviour of lightweight concrete containing##periwinkle shells at elevated temperature. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 5: 379- 390.####Fisher, R.V., and Schmincke, H.U., 1984. Pyroclastic rocks. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 427.####Folk, R. L., Ward, W. C., 1957. Brazos river basin: A study in the significance of grain size parameter. 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A study of coastal retreat along Huatung Coast, Hualien to Changbin section. Bulletin of Geographical Society of China, 27: 83-109.####Hsu, T.L., 1956. Geology of the Coastal Range, eastern Taiwan. Bulletin of Geological Survey of##Taiwan, 8: 39-63.####Hsu, T.L., Kao, C.J., Kao, P,F., Jeng, S.L., 1998. A study of coastal retreat along Huatung Coast, Hualien to Changbin section. Bulletin of Geographical Society of China, 26: 73-98.####Huang, T.Y., 1969. Some planktonic foraminifera from a bore at Shihshan, near Taitung, Taiwan. Proceedings Geological Society of China, 12: 103-119.####Hunter, R.E., 1980. Depositional environments of some Pleistocene coastal terrace deposits,##southwestern Oregon-case history of a progradational beach and dune sequence. Sedimentary##Geology, 27: 241-262.####International Society of Rock Mechanics, 1978. Committee on standardization of laboratory and field tests. Suggested methods for the quantitative description of discontinuities in rock masses. 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						</REFRENCE>
					</REFRENCES>
			</ARTICLE>
				<ARTICLE>
                <LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
				<TitleF>-</TitleF>
				<TitleE>Mineralogical reconstruction of Late Pleistocene - Holocene climate and environmental changes in southern wetlands of Lake Urmia</TitleE>
                <URL>https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_78248.html</URL>
                <DOI>10.22059/geope.2020.306217.648565</DOI>
                <DOR></DOR>
				<ABSTRACTS>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>To determine the effect of climate changes on current critical conditions of Lake Urmia, paleoclimate of southern wetlands of Lake Urmia was investigated based on clay mineralogy. Kani Barazan and Solduz wetlands on the southern margin of Lake Urmia and also the southern part of the lake have been briefly studied in this research. A total of 24 sedimentary cores were taken for sedimentology and mineralogy study from south to north of Lake Urmia. The clay mineralogy analysis were done by XRD method. The main minerals in the sediments include quartz (over 40%), calcite, feldspars, mica, dolomite and clay minerals. Chlorite and kaolinite were the main clay minerals in the southern coastal plains of Lake Urmia. Distribution of surface samp les represents reduction of clay minerals in the sediments from the margin to the center of the basin. This indicate that the percentage of detrital sediments decreases and chemical sediments increase from the margin to the center. Increasing the distance from the edge of the wetland causes it to move away from the source of the sediments. The concentration of water salts in the central part of the basin increases. In the central part of the lake, due to greater depth and high salinity of water, chemical sediments have been predominant and in the margins of the lake, according to low salinity and the volume of clastic materials, this kind of sediments have been predominant. This is consistent with the changes in other clastic minerals (quartz) in the lake. The level of clay minerals increased from the surface to the depth of boreholes indicating a high water level and a more warm–wet paleoclimate. According to the changes in the type of clay minerals in the sediment sequence of the southern part of Lake Urmia, it seems that in the Late Pleistocene (20 cal ka BP) the weather was more humid than the current conditions and the volume of clastic material to the lake was higher.</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>0</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>-</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
				</ABSTRACTS>
				<PAGES>
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						<FPAGE>205</FPAGE>
						<TPAGE>218</TPAGE>
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				</PAGES>
	
				<AUTHORS><AUTHOR>
						<Name>بیتا</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Bita</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Mirzapour</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Earth Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>mirzapourb@yahoo.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Razyeh</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Lak</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Research Institute for Earth Sciences, Geological Survey of Iran (GSI),Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>lak@ries.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Mohsen</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Aleali</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Earth Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>aleali.mohsen@gmail.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Morteza</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Jamali</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>3
 Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d&amp;#039;Ecologie (CNRS/IRD/Aix-Marseille Univ., Avignon
Université), Aix-en-Provence, France</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>France</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>morteza.djamali@imbe.fr</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Reza</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Shahbazi</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Engineering Environmental Geology and Hazards Department,  Geological  Survey  of  Iran,  (GSI),  
Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>rezashahbazi@ut.ac.ir</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR></AUTHORS>
				<KEYWORDS></KEYWORDS>
				<REFRENCES>
				<REFRENCE>
				<REF>Abdi, L., 2010. Geochemistry of evaporative sediments of Miqan Playa in Arak, MSc Thesis, University of Tehran, p. 166.####Abdi, L., Rahimpoor Bonab, H., 2014. Investigation of clay minerals, their origin and distribution in Miqan playa of Arak, 24, 94: 193 - 202.####Akbari, T., Lak, R., Shahbazi, R., Alizadeh, K., Asadi, A., Ghadimi, M., 2015. Paleoclimate modelingand identification of anthropogenic effects in high Zagros mountains, 89-102. ####Alipour, S., 2006. Hydrogeochemistry of seasonal variation of Urmia Salt Lake, Iran. Saline systems, 9: 19.####Amini, A., Shah Hosseini, M., Mohammadi, A. S., Shahrabi, M., 2009. Characteristics of sedimentology 216 Mirzapour et al. and origin of Urmia Lake deposits on the around of Shahid Kalantari highway. Quarterly Journal of Earth Sciences. Nineteenth year, 74: 57-68.####Azizi, Gh., 2004. Climate change, Ghomes Publications, Tehran, p. 284.####Benison, K. C., Goldstein, R. H., 2001. 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						</REFRENCE>
					</REFRENCES>
			</ARTICLE>
				<ARTICLE>
                <LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
				<TitleF>-</TitleF>
				<TitleE>Depositional and diagenetic impact on reservoir quality of the Asmari carbonate reservoir, Naft-Sefid Oilfield, SW Iran</TitleE>
                <URL>https://geopersia.ut.ac.ir/article_78735.html</URL>
                <DOI>10.22059/geope.2020.309894.648576</DOI>
                <DOR></DOR>
				<ABSTRACTS>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>The Oligo-Miocene Asmari Formation is the most prolific reservoir in the Dezful Embayment, southwest of Iran. Depositional and diagenetic effects on reservoir quality in the sequence stratigraphicframework were carried out on the basis of petrographic investigation, petrophysical logs, and coremeasurement porosity and permeability data. Petrographic analysis resulted in the identification of 12microfacies classified in 5 sub-environments including tidal flat, lagoon, barrier, shallow open marineand basin, which indicate deposition in a homoclinal ramp setting. Tidal flat, lagoonal and barriermicrofacies are mostly present in the upper and middle parts of the Asmari Formation, while outer rampmicrofacies largely developed in the middle part. Anhydrite and calcite cementation, compaction,dolomitization, dissolution, and fracturing are the main diagenetic controlling factors on petrophysicalproperties. Fracturing, dolomitization, and dissolution are contributed to reservoir quality enhancement,while compaction and cementation had negative effects on reservoir quality. The studied successionsare represented by 3 third-order sequences of early Aquitanian, late Aquitanian and early Burdigalianages that largely deposited in the highstand systems tract (HST) stage</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
					<ABSTRACT>
						<LANGUAGE_ID>0</LANGUAGE_ID>
						<CONTENT>-</CONTENT>
					</ABSTRACT>
				</ABSTRACTS>
				<PAGES>
					<PAGE>
						<FPAGE>219</FPAGE>
						<TPAGE>243</TPAGE>
					</PAGE>
				</PAGES>
	
				<AUTHORS><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Abdolmotaleb</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Haghighat</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Geology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>abdolmotalebhaghighat@gmail.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Mohsen</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Aleali</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Geology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>maleali@gmail.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Nader</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>K. Ghadimvand</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Geology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>kohansal@gmail.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Davood</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Jahani</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Geology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>jahani.d@gmail.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR><AUTHOR>
						<Name>-</Name>
						<MidName></MidName>		
						<Family>-</Family>
						<NameE>Zahra</NameE>
						<MidNameE></MidNameE>		
						<FamilyE>Maleki</FamilyE>
						<Organizations>
							<Organization>Department of Geology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran</Organization>
						</Organizations>
						<Countries>
							<Country>Iran</Country>
						</Countries>
						<EMAILS>
							<Email>maleki.z@gmail.com</Email>			
						</EMAILS>
					</AUTHOR></AUTHORS>
				<KEYWORDS></KEYWORDS>
				<REFRENCES>
				<REFRENCE>
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